PINGASA. By L. B. Prout. 
49 
Piepers has described the mimicry of the larva, which simulates a small snake, the head and legs being held 
a little separate to represent an open mouth, a pale lateral stripe on the body widening anteriorly. 
P. elutriata Pout (5 f). May be likened to rufofasciata with the red borders wanting, only indicated elutriata. 
by faint grey shadows, the borders beneath even more shadowy than in that species. The narrower wings of 
the (J, however, place it nearer to chlora. Darjiling, not common. 
P. alba Sivinh. (8 b). Also white with shadowy greyish borders above, but these become black alba- 
beneath and occupy the greater part of the distal area. The gently curved, deep black postmedian line above 
is also distinctive for this species. Khasis. The Palearctic representative is described in Vol. 4, p. 11. 
P. pauciflavafa sp. nov. (5 f). Close to chlora, of which it may prove a subspecies. Face on upper pauciflava- 
part little darkened — light ochreous-brown, not blackish. Forewing above with the antemedian line shaped 
as in crenaria , the postmedian more rectangularly bent at the 1st radial than in the various chlora forms, at 
the submedian interspace less deeply curved than in crenaria but less flattened anteriorly than in chlora. Under¬ 
side with some yellow at the base, more extended in the 3 than in the $, at least along costal margin of fore wing 
and hindmargin of hindwing; the black borders less intense than in chlora , narrowed, tapering posteriorly, 
particularly on forewing, here generally curtailed. S.W. Sumatra: N. Korintji Valley, 5000 feet, September-—- 
October, higher slopes of Mt. Korintji, 7300 feet, August—September (Pratt brothers), the type from the 
higher altitude, in Mus. Joicey. I have recently seen this species from Pahang (Malay Peninsula). 
P. chlora is the most widely distributed Indo-Australian Pingasa. White, on the underside without chlora. 
or with extremely little yellow at base, the borders beneath broad and black, above grey with some red sprinkling 
and traversed by a rather strong, dentate, bluish-white subterminal line; postmedian more strongly dentate 
than in most of the species, but less so than in lariaria. The races which have been named are not very 
sharply differentiable. — crenaria Guen. (= distenta Walk., ? leucostigmaria Nietner) (5f) is often smaller than nrenaria. 
the name-typical race, its borders beneath on an average less broad. The antemedian line of the forewing is 
rounded rather than angled at the fold. India and Ceylon. Forms from China, Formosa, Siam, the Malay 
Peninsula and Borneo are similar. — javensis Warr., from Java, is perhaps narrower bordered beneath, but javensis. 
doubtfully separable. — lombokensis subsp. n. has the size of crenaria and javensis, but the antemedian line is lomboken- 
more angled, approaching that of chlora. The $ is more heavily irrorated and both sexes have the cell-mark sls - 
of the forewing strengthened. Borders beneath moderately broad. Lombok, collected by Fruhstorfer at 
2000 feet, type in Mus. Tring. A C from Sumbawa approximately agrees, but is in poor condition. — subdentata subdentala. 
Warr. resembles crena ia above, but with the cell-mark almost as strong as in lombokensis, the antemedian 
line often intermediate. Beneath, both sexes have the black border more dentate on its outerside and the 
is further very distinct in having some yellowish suffusion at its base and on the hindwing a distinct, though 
small, black cell-spot. Celebes. — chlora Cram. (= ecchloraria Hb., latifascia Warr.) (5 f) from the Moluccas, chlora. 
is a rather broadwinged, broad-bordered race, with the antemedian line angled at the fold. — sublimbata Btlr., sublimbata. 
described from the Bismarck Archipelago, is generally larger and more strongly dusted with grey than chlora, 
but I doubt whether it is always distinguishable. On an average perhaps more sharply marked. I refer here 
all the forms from New Guinea, the Trobriands, D’Entrecasteaux and Louisiades. -— catididaria Warr., from candidaria. 
Queensland, is also closely like chlora, but with the borders on the upperside generally faint, those on the 
underside a little less broad than in chlora. — The larva of the form crenaria, according to Moore, is rather 
stout, olive-green, with purple-brown oblique subdorsal lines and a pale spiracular line. The pupa is pale purplish 
brown, marked with blackish. If, as I suppose, leucostigmaria Nietner is the same species, the larva has been 
found feeding on the coffee-tree in Ceylon. 
P. dispensata Walk. (8 b). A stunted species (or possibly an extreme ,,dry“ form of the preceding), dispensata. 
expanding only 32—40 mm, rather weakly marked, though with the grey shading of the distal area fairly well 
developed, the borders beneath black, but much narrowed, generally more or less interrupted. South and 
Central India and some low elevations in Bengal. — celata Walk, scarcely differs from dispensata except that celata. 
the borders beneath are still more reduced, being generally confined to the apex of the fore wing and two small 
patches on the hindwing. Walker’s type is said to be from Tondano, Celebes, but the series before me is from 
Timor and Tenimber. 
P. pseudoterpnaria Guen. is similar to chlora (5 f), generally smaller, almost always more dusted with grey, pseudoterp- 
The wings of the G are relatively a little broader. The postmedian line has the outward teeth on the veins naria. 
more noticeably thickened into dots, somewhat recalling that of lariaria. But the best distinction lies in the 
broadened cell-mark of the forewing, especially beneath, and the presence of a (smaller) cell-mark on the hind- 
