HIPPARCHUS. By L. B. Prout. 
75 
pencil, always with all spurs, abdomen not crested, wings ample, forewing with apex usually acute, 1st sub¬ 
costal free or anastomosing with costal, hindwing usually with a bend or small tail at the end of 3rd radial, 
sometimes crenulate throughout, 2nd subcostal arising near end of cell.’ 
In the Indo-Australian Region the genus has only a limited range, being almost confined to the Hima¬ 
layas and the mountains of Tibet and W. China. 
Section A. Hindwing with distal margin smooth, rounded (Loxochila Btlr.). 
H. sino'isaria Oberth. (Suppl. 4, pi. 1 a). Resembles in markings a strongly-marked form of papilionaria L., sino'isaria. 
but has the shape of smaragdus. Underside very feebly marked with dark green. W. China: Tsekou and Ta-tsien-lu. 
H. smaragdus Btlr. (10 b). Postmedian line more direct than in sino'isaria, accompanied proximally smaragdus. 
by linear dark-green shading. Underside paler green, with the green cell-mark and postmedian line visible. 
N. India, especially about Darjiling. 
H. fragilis Oberth. (= ovalis Sterneck) (Suppl. 4, pi. 1 a). More slenderly built; hindwing with distal fragilis. 
margin more ventricose in its anterior part; more or less broadly whitened anteriorly. Antennal pectinations 
well developed. The forewing has some white, often weak, subterminal dots which are not shown in the 
figure. Tse-kou, Chinese Tibet. 
H. flavifrontaria Guen. (= mydans Btlr.) (Suppl. 4, pi. I b) is also less robust than smaragdus. Differs flavi- 
from both the preceding in being of a less bright, more greyish green with the principal lines slender, white, frontana. 
almost straight. Underside paler, very feebly marked. N. W. India. 
H. sigaria Oberth., from Tse-kou, is near flavifrontaria but has the antennal pectinations slighter, both sigaria. 
wings with a dark line on the fringe, underside partly white, with green shading and bands, recalling glaucaria 
Menetr. rather than flavifrontaria. 
H. euryagyia Prout is a large species (60 mm), of a brighter green (more as in the Palaearctic euryagyia. 
glaucaria or albovenaria), with the lines broadened into nearly straight white bands, the subterminal as well 
developed as the post median, the first two bands of the forewing and the only two of the hindwing somewhat 
convergent posteriorly; veins white, as in albovenaria. Tali, Yunnan, only the type known. 
Section B. Hindwing with distal margin crenulate. Antenna pectinate to its apex (Hipparchus Leach). 
H. symaria Oberth. (Suppl. 4, pi. 1 b). I have not seen this fine moth, but suppose it to have the same symaria. 
structure as papilionaria, from which it differs in its more strongly crenulate margins, broader white markings, 
dark-green shading in central area and banded underside. Founded on 1 from the eastern frontier of Tibet, 
apparently still unique. 
H. rana Oberth. (Suppl. 4, pi. 1 b). Antennal pectinations very short. Only the postmedian white line rana. 
(or row of spots) indicated, the hind spot of the forewing often enlarged. Very distinct in the brown fringes. 
Tse-kou (type); also known from Yunnan. 
Section C. Hindwing toothed or tailed. Antenna with apical segments not pectinate (Megalochlora Meyr.) 
H. albovenaria Brem. has been described and figured in Vol. 4. Satirigua subsp. nov. is of a rather latirigua. 
more uniform green, with the white postmedian stripe appreciably broadened, this and the antemedian not 
edged with yellow-green in the median area, the subterminal line decidedly nearer to the distal margin than 
to the postmedian; Kunkala-Shan, Szechwan, 4 $$ and 1 $ in Mus. Tring. 
H. glaucaria Menetr. (= usitata Btlr.). This very distinct species, described and figured in Vol. 4, glaucaria. 
p. 17, pi. 1 h, has hitherto been recorded only as Palaearctic, inhabiting Amurland and Japan, but the Ober- 
thur collection contains 1 J from the vicinity of Wei-hsi, Yunnan. It possibly represents a separate race, 
but is unfortunately in very poor condition. 
H. vallata Btlr. (Vol. 4, pi. 1 h). Exemplifies a sub-group in which the tail of the hindwing bears a vallata. 
dark spot, the white lines are usually edged with olive-brown and the hindwing beneath is mixed with white. 
vallata is the only widely-distributed species and is known from Kulu, Sikkim, Assam and W. China as well 
as from the type locality Japan. Two near allies were first made known by Oberthur in 1916. 
H. vervactoraria Oberth. (Suppl. 4, pi. 1 a) nearly agrees with the following species in size and shape 
(though the apex of the forewing may be rather more acute), but with vallata in coloration. Forewing beneath 
with more definite white lines than in vallata. W. China. 
vervac¬ 
toraria. 
H. verjucodumnaria Oberth. (Suppl. 4, pi. la). Larger than vallata, the tail of the hindwing shorter and verjuco- 
blunter, with the dark spot double, the ground-colour paler, much less bright, more glaucous, here and there dumnana. 
with minute brownish dots or striae. Tse-kou. 
