TAXONOMY OF HUMAN MALARIA PARASITES 
21 
ture. They pointed out the almost intolera¬ 
ble confusion sure to result from the strict 
application of the rules of zoological nomen¬ 
clature and proposed, in the interest of uni¬ 
formity and convenience, the general adop¬ 
tion of the commonly used de facto names. 
Following the suggestion of Christophers 
and Sinton, the Sergents, Parrot, and Ca- 
tanei (1939) surrendered their proposal of 
1929, and also urged the general adoption 
of the commonly used names. 
A study of the problem has brought us to 
the point of agreement with the English 
and French authors. Vast confusion could 
arise from an insistence to adhere to the 
theoretically correct (de jure ) nomencla¬ 
ture of the malaria parasites. Therefore, 
the general adoption of the de facto names, 
P. vivax (Grassi and Feletti, 1890), P. ma- 
lariae (Grassi and Feletti, 1890), and P. 
falciparum, (Welch, 1897) is urged. 
P. ovale. Malariologists are now in 
agreement regarding the nomenclature of 
the “ovale” parasite. The correct name is 
P. ovale Stephens, 1922. 
There is offered below what is believed to 
be the correct synonymy for the four valid 
species of human malaria. 
P. vivax (Grassi and Feletti, 1890) 
Eaemamoeba malariae Feletti and Grassi, 
1890, partim 
Eaemamoeba vivax Grassi and Feletti, 
1890 
Plasmodium malariae tertianae Celli and 
Sanfelice, 1891 
Plasmodium malariae tertianae Kruse, 
1892 
Eaemamoeba laverani var. tertiana 
Labbe, 1894 (?) 
Eaemosporidium tertianae Lewkowicz, 
1897 
Eaemamoeba malariae tertianae Laveran, 
1901 
Plasmodium camarense Ziemann, 1915 
P. malariae (Grassi and Feletti, 1890) 
Eaemamoeba malariae Feletti and Grassi, 
1890, partim 
Eaemamoeba malariae Grassi and Feletti, 
1890 
Plasmodium malariae var. quartanae 
Celli and Sanfelice, 1891 
Plasmodium malariae quartanae Kruse, 
1892 
Eaemamoeba laverani var. quartanae 
Labbe, 1894(f) 
Eaemosporidium quartanae Lewkowicz, 
1897 
Eaemamoeba malariae var. quartanae 
Laveran, 1901 
Plasmodium golgii Sambon, 1902 
P. falciparum (Welch, 1897) 
Oscillaria malariae Laveran, 1881 
Laverania malariae Feletti and Grassi, 
1890 
Eaemamoeba praecox Grassi and Feletti, 
1890, partim 
Plasmodium malariae quotidianae Celli 
and Sanfelice, 1891 
Eaemamoeba immaculata Grassi, 1891, 
partim 
Eaemamoeba immaculata Grassi and Fe¬ 
letti, 1892, partim 
Laverania malariae Grassi and Feletti, 
1892 
Plasmodium malariae irregularis Kruse, 
1892 
Eaemamoeba laverani var. tertiana 
Labbe, 1894(f) 
Eaematozoon falciparum Welch, 1897 
Eaemosporidium undecimanae Lewko¬ 
wicz, 1897 
Eaemosporidium sedecimanae Lewko¬ 
wicz, 1897 
Eaemosporidium vigesimo-tertianae Lew¬ 
kowicz, 1897 
Eaemamoeba malariae var. parva Lav¬ 
eran, 1901 
Plasmodium falciparum var. subterti- 
anum Bates, 1913 
Plasmodium falciparum var. quotidi- 
anum Bates, 1913 
Plasmodium tenue Stephens, 1914 
Plasmodium caucasium Marzinowsky, 
1916 
P. ovale Stephens, 1922 
None 
Plasmodia of Doubtful Taxonomic 
Status 
P. vivax var. minuta Emin, 1914. Craig 
