MORPHOLOGY OF ANOPHELES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NEARCTIC SPECIES 
65 
The following 12 species and subspecies 
of the subgenus Anopheles may now be 
recognized in this territory, with one addi¬ 
tional variety ( pseudopunctipennis boydi), 
whose status is not entirely clear. The type 
locality of each is shown following the date 
of publication. 
Anopheles atropos D. and K., 1906; Florida Keys. 
Anopheles barberi Coq., 1903; Plummers Island, 
Md. 
Anopheles crucians Wied., 1828; Pennsylvania and 
New Orleans. 
Anopheles bradleyi King, 1939; Brevard County, 
Fla. (crucians bradleyi). 
Anopheles georgianus King, 1939; Brooks County, 
Ga. (crucians georgianus ). 
Anopheles occidentalis D. and K., 1906; Stanford 
University, Calif, (maculipennis auct., in part). 
Anopheles freeborni Aitken, 1939; Davis, Calif. 
(maculipennis freeborni ). 
Anopheles punctipennis (Say), 1823; United States. 
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis pseudopunctipennis 
Theob., 1901; Grenada. 
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis franciscanus McC., 
1904; California (Stanford University). 
Anopheles ? pseudopunctipennis boydi Vargas, 
1939; California. 
Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, 1824; Northwest 
Territory. 
Anopheles wallceri Theob., 1901; Lake Simeoe, On¬ 
tario, Canada. 
Another species, or subspecies, belonging 
to the maculipennis series, Anopheles azte- 
cus Holfmann (1935) ( maculipennis azte- 
cus ), occurs in the highlands of Mexico. 
With reference to A. occidentalis, this 
species has usually been referred to in 
North America as A. maculipennis and 
was so treated by Dyar (1928) and by 
Matheson (1929). Edwards (1932) listed 
it as a questionable variety of the Euro¬ 
pean form, while Dampf (1935, 1936) and 
Bates (1940) thought it could be regarded 
as a separate species. Martini (1933) and 
Dampf pointed out that the male genitalia 
differ from those of the typical A. maculi¬ 
pennis of Europe and are more nearly re¬ 
lated to A. labranchiae and A. atroparvus. 
The species was originally described on 
the basis of the area of pale fringe scales at 
the tip of the wing. Freeborn (1926), 
however, stated that this form in California 
seemed to be limited to a narrow strip 
along the coast, whereas material from in¬ 
land localities did not have a distinct spot. 
Aitken (1939) proposed a new name, A. 
maculipennis freeborni, for the dark-tipped 
form, finding additional difference in the 
eggs, larvae and pupae but not in the male 
terminalia. He considered that typical A. 
maculipennis does not occur in this coun¬ 
try. Dampf stated that A. aztecus Hoff¬ 
mann does not differ in male genitalia from 
A. occidentalis but does in the number of 
compartments of the egg floats. One of the 
present writers (King) has noted that lar¬ 
val specimens of aztecus (obtained in 1930 
from Xochimilcho and from the Lerma 
River in Mexico, D. F.) differ rather mark¬ 
edly in the inner anterior clypeal hairs, 
which are widely separated and very long 
and stout in comparison with A. occidentalis 
or A. freeborni. 
Dr. S. B. Freeborn, in a personal com¬ 
munication, indicates that he is in favor of 
retaining all three as subspecies of A. 
maculipennis (in order to show relation¬ 
ship), and this has been done by Aitken in 
a valuable forthcoming monograph, ‘ ‘ Stud¬ 
ies on the Anopheline Complex of Western 
America.” 1 Since there are appreciable 
differences in the spines of the claspette, 
however, it is believed that the American 
forms should be separated specifically from 
A. maculipennis s.s., and this opinion is 
concurred in by Dr. Alan Stone of the Na¬ 
tional Museum (personal communication). 
The writers are also of the opinion that 
these three forms, as well as those of the 
crucians group, represent distinct species 
and could well be raised to a specific status. 
This has the advantage of eliminating the 
use of triple names. 
Two larval forms of A. walkeri have 
been described by Bradley (1936), but 
Matheson and Hurlbut (1937) were of the 
opinion that the differences were merely 
variations. The characters are entirely 
similar, however, to those that have been 
i Through the kindness of the author a copy of 
the manuscript of this work has been made avail¬ 
able to the present writers, which has made it 
possible to incorporate some of its information in 
the present review. 
