MORPHOLOGY OF ANOPHELES AND CLASSIFICATION OF NEARCTIC SPECIES 
69 
guished from the nearctic species. Illus¬ 
trations of the wings of the nearctic species 
are given in Plate 1, the general laryal 
characters in Fig. 1, and the male termi- 
nalia in Fig. 2. 
Key to Adults 
1. Wings with areas of white scales on the veins.2 
Wing veins entirely dark-scaled.4 
2. Costa with a white spot at the outer third (op¬ 
posite tip of subcostal vein) ; anal vein with 
one or two areas of dark scales..3 
Costa dark except at extreme tip of wing; anal 
vein with three dark spots separated by white; 
apical segment of palpi pale and segments 3 
and 4 with narrow pale bands or a few pale 
scales at base and apex. 
Anopheles crucians group 
3. Veins 3 and 5 entirely dark-scaled; wing fringe 
without pale spots at tips of veins; apical half 
and basal one-fourth of anal vein dark-scaled; 
palpi dark, unbanded.. Anopheles punctipennis 
Veins 3 and 5 with long pale areas centrally; 
wing fringe with pale spots at tips of veins; 
apical half of anal vein dark, basal half 
white; apical palpal segment of female either 
entirely pale or dark tipped, a narrow ring 
at base of fourth segment. 
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis 
4. Wings unspotted; palpi and legs dark-scaled; 
mesonotal bristles very long, the average 
length about one-half the width of mesonotum. 
A small species. Anopheles barberi 
Wings with spots of dark scales, more or less 
distinct, or palpi with rings of white scales: 
mesonotal hairs comparatively short.5 
5. Palpi narrowly but usually distinctly ringed at 
apex of the apical segments; knee spots pres¬ 
ent . A nopheles walkeri 
Palpi dark scaled (faint white rings sometimes 
present at base of apical segment in 
atropos) .6 
6. Wing spots indistinct; knee spots absent; gen¬ 
eral coloration very dark. Gulf and Atlantic 
Coasts . Anopheles atropos 
Wing spots usually distinct; color brown.7 
7. Tip of wing with a patch of silvery or golden 
fringe scales; dark wing spots very pro¬ 
nounced. Northern and Western distribution. 
Anopheles occidentalis 
Wing fringe dark.... 8 
8. Occurs east of the Rocky Mountains. 
Anopheles quadrimaculatus 
Occurs west of the Rocky Mountains; wing 
spots usually more distinct than in quadri¬ 
maculatus ... Anopheles freebomi 
Key to Male Terminalia 
1. Mesosome (phallosome) without leaflets; clasp- 
ette bilobed, the outer lobe prominent, oval 
with two or three flattened spines at apex, 
the inner with two slender spines. 
Anopheles barberi 
Mesosome with leaflets or claspette not as 
above .2 
2. Leaflets of mesosome serrated (lacking in some 
California specimens, possibly variety boydi ) 
claspette bilobed, with two or three spines at 
the apex of each lobe, those on the dorsal 
lobe short and flattened; ninth tergite without 
processes. Anopheles pseudopunctipennis 
Leaflets stout, nonserrated.3 
3. Outer (dorsal) spines of claspette stout, bluntly 
rounded sometimes expanded at tip or partially 
fused .4 
Spines of claspette not as above .6 
4. Processes, or arms of ninth tergite short, stout, 
usually expanded at apex; outer spines of 
claspette frequently fused at apex. 
Anopheles quadrimaculatus 
Processes comparatively slender and pointed or 
slightly rounded . 5 
5. Mesosome with second pair of leaflets from apex 
more than half the length of the first pair. 
Anopheles walkeri 
Second pair of leaflets no more than half the 
length of the first pair. Anopheles atropos 
6. Claspette with one large apical spine, tapered 
to a sharp point, and one or two slender ex¬ 
ternal spines, rounded or slightly tapered at 
tip; arms of ninth tergite short, usually stout, 
expanded or obliquely truncate at apex. 
Anopheles punctipennis 
Claspette usually with three or four apical and 
external spines, all acute.7 
7. Sidepiece with scales, usually numerous; clasper 
without vestiture of fine hairs; claspette lobe 
triangular in shape. 
Anoplceles crucians group 
Sidepieces with few if any scales; basal third 
of clasper with numerous fine nonpapillated 
hairs (Aitken) ; claspette usually rounded.8 
8. Arms of ninth tergite short, stout. 
Anopheles occidentalis 
Arms of ninth tergite comparatively long and 
slender. Anopheles freebomi 
Key to Larvae (Fourth Instar) 
1. Abdomen with plumose lateral hairs on first six 
segments; frontal head hairs (hairs 6-8) mi¬ 
nute, simple . Anopheles barberi 
Abdomen with plumose lateral hairs on first 
three segments only; head with large plumose 
frontal hairs .2 
2. Outer clypeal hair (hair 3) branched.3 
All clypeal hairs simple, the inner pair (hair 2) 
well separated; postspiracular plate with or 
without a slender, blackish tail posteriority on 
each side; leaflets of palmate hairs ending in 
long, slender filaments. 
Anopheles pseudopunctipennis 
