DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OP CARIBBEAN ANOPHELINES 
107 
Clark 1926; Curry 1931a, 1931b; Giaquinto 
Mira 1936; Howard, Dyar and Knab 1917b; 
Kumm, 1940b; Kumm, Komp and Ruiz 
1940; Kumm and Ruiz 1939b; de Leon 
1936a, 1936b ; Martini 1935; Sutter 1939), 
Trinidad (Beattie 1932), and several South 
American countries. Its breeding places 
are similar to those of A. punctimacula, A. 
eiseni, and A. oswaldoi. Only a few adults 
have been taken inside houses, and the fe¬ 
males seem to feed on animals much more 
readily than they do on man (Kumm, Komp 
and Ruiz 1940; Simmons 1939). 
Martini (1935) identified specimens col¬ 
lected by Dampf in Yucatan, British Hon¬ 
duras (Blue Creek, Rio Cacao) and Guate¬ 
mala (San Miguel, Lago Peten), as A. inter¬ 
medins; this species has not been found 
since in Mexico (Vargas 1940a). 
A. quadrimaculatus inhabits the Gulf 
coast of Mexico as far south as Tuxpan, 
Veracruz, but records from the interior of 
Mexico actually refer to a race of A. maculi¬ 
pennis (Dampf 1935; Hoffmann 1935). 
A. maculipennis var. aztecus was de¬ 
scribed by Hoffmann (1935) from the states 
of Guanajuato and Michoacan, Mexico. 
The larvae breed in canals, irrigation chan¬ 
nels, and clear water pools in which algae 
and protozoa are present. This form is not 
so dependent on clean water as is A. pseudo- 
punctipennis, so that it is replacing the 
latter species in the outskirts of Mexico 
City, where urbanization results in a pollu¬ 
tion of the water available to the mosqui¬ 
toes. The larvae are encountered in the 
breeding places throughout the year, even 
when a layer of ice forms over the surface 
of the water (Hoffmann 1935). The fe¬ 
males do not seem to be attracted to man, 
and Vargas (1939a) has described a condi¬ 
tion of anophelism without malaria in a 
locality in the State of Mexico, in which this 
form was the only anopheline present. 
Vargas (1940b) reports the finding of 
A. maculipennis var. freeborni at Imuris, 
Sonora. 
A. atropos is included in this list because 
Carr, Melendez and Ros (1940) discovered 
it recently in Cuba. It was found once, in 
Havana Province, in an animal-baited trap. 
Martini (1935) reported it from the in¬ 
terior of Mexico, but Hoffmann (1936) 
points out that Martini’s specimens were 
really A. aztecus. 
A male of A. walkeri has been taken in 
Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico (Vargas 1940a). 
A. barberi was discovered by Sr. A. 
Martinez Palacios at Imuris, Sonora, Mexico 
(Vargas 1940c). 
A. neivai breeds only in water caught in 
the leaf-bases of certain water-holding 
plants, such as the epiphytic and terrestrial 
bromeliads. The species ranges from tropi¬ 
cal Mexico to Panama, and southwards into 
Ecuador; records of cruzii, from Panama 
northwards, actually refer to A. neivai 
(Komp 1937a). It may be quite abundant 
and may bite man freely, in the neighbor¬ 
hood of its breeding places (Komp 1937a). 
A. xelajuensis was described from Guate¬ 
mala by de Leon (1938). 
