122 
MALARIA 
b. Infection in nature. Benarroch 
(1928), in Venezuela, dissected 168 speci¬ 
mens and failed to find infection. 
c. Epidemiological. Data inadequate. 
Additional studies will be required to 
determine the relative susceptibility of A. 
apicimacula to infection and its importance 
as a malarial vector. 
9. Anopheles (Arribalzagia) neomaculi- 
palpus Curry 1931 
a. Experimental infection. —P. vivax. 
During November and December, 1935, 
Simmons (1936d), in Panama, used 31 
adult A. neomaculipalpus, reared from 
larvae collected in the Canal Zone, in feed¬ 
ing experiments on tertian malarial pa¬ 
tients. Seven, or 22 per cent, of these mos¬ 
quitoes were infected, compared with 3, or 
14 per cent, infected in 21 A. albimanus 
controls. In the first group, which included 
15 A. neomaculipalpus and 7 A. albimanus, 
fed on blood containing an unknown num¬ 
ber of gametocytes, two of the former and 
none of the latter were infected. In group 
two, which included 8 A. neomaculipalpus 
and 11 A. albimanus that fed on blood con¬ 
taining 4 to 7.2 gametocytes per 100 leuko¬ 
cytes, one mosquito of each species was in¬ 
fected. In the third group, which took 
blood with gametocyte densities as high as 
13.4, four of 8 A. neomaculipalpus and 2 
of 3 A. albimanus were infected. P. falci¬ 
parum and P. malariae, no data. 
b. Infection in nature. No data. 
c. Epidemiological. Data inadequate. 
It has been shown that A. neomaculipal¬ 
pus is susceptible to infection with P. vivax, 
but additional studies will be required to 
determine its relative susceptibility to this 
and other species of plasmodia, and its 
importance as a malarial vector. 
10. Anopheles (Arribalzagia) puncti- 
macula Dyar and Knab 1906 
a. Experimental infection. Darling 
(1910), in Panama, reported negative ex¬ 
periments with 17 mosquitoes from which 
he concluded that A. malefactor (A. puncti- 
macula), in spite of its name, does not trans¬ 
mit malarial fevers. Bennaroch (1928) 
failed to find infection in one specimen of 
A. punctimacula which had fed on a patient 
with malaria of unknown type. In 1936 it 
was shown experimentally by Simmons 
(1936b) that A. punctimacula is susceptible 
to infections with both P. vivax and P. 
falciparum. 
P. vivax. Simmons (1936b), in Panama, 
dissected 44 mosquitoes fed on carriers of 
tertian parasites and found 17, or 39 per 
cent, to be infected. Among 18 of these 
mosquitoes which fed on blood with un¬ 
known gametocyte densities, 3, or 17 per 
cent, were infected. The remaining 26 
mosquitoes took blood containing from 6 to 
7.4 gametocytes per 100 leukocytes and 14 
to 50 per cent of these were found to be 
infected. 
P. falciparum. Darling (1910), in Pan¬ 
ama, failed to find parasites in 16 mosqui¬ 
toes which fed on infected persons, 12 on 
a patient with gametocyte count of 6 to 10 
per 100 leukocytes, and 3 on a patient with 
a gametocyte density of 16. During 1935 
and 1936 Simmons (1939b), in Panama, con¬ 
ducted a series of experiments during which 
a total of 545 A. punctimacula were dis¬ 
sected after feeding on different carriers of 
P. falciparum malaria. The results which 
were summarized as follows indicate that 
A. punctimacula was highly susceptible. 
The development of oocysts and the infec¬ 
tion of salivary glands with sporozoites 
occurred in A. punctimacula as in A. albi¬ 
manus used as controls. 
Gametocytes 
per 100 
leukocytes 
Mosquitoes 
dissected 
Mosquitoes 
infected 
Infected 
? 
6 
0 
per cent 
0 
0.4-3 
375 
41 
11 
2.8-5 
52 
13 
25 
6-12 
90 
31 
34 
13.2 
22 
19 
86 
Total 
545 
104 
19 
P. malariae. Darling (1910), in Panama, 
reported that he failed to find infection in 
one mosquito that fed on a carrier of quar¬ 
tan malariae with a gametocyte density of 
