128 
The conclusion is that A. strodei will re¬ 
quire further study to determine its rela¬ 
tive importance in the transmission of 
malaria. 
21. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) tarsi- 
maculatus 3 Goeldi 1906 
The confusion in the classification of A. 
tarsimaculatus naturally creates doubt con¬ 
cerning the earlier reports as to the sus¬ 
ceptibility of this mosquito to infection with 
malaria. 
a. Experimental infection. — P. vivax. 
According to the annual report of the 
Surgeon General of Trinidad (1934), speci¬ 
mens of A. tarsimaculatus previously sent 
to S. P. James in England were able to 
carry a Roumanian strain of P. vivax and 
were proved to be a “possible carrier” of 
P. ovale. 
P. falciparum. Darling (1910), in Pan¬ 
ama, fed 5 A. tarsimaculata on blood con¬ 
taining P. falciparum and found 3 infected. 
Bennaroch (1928), in Venezuela, obtained 
negative results with 6 specimens. Speci¬ 
mens of A. tarsimaculatus sent from Trini¬ 
dad to S. P. James, in England, failed to 
carry a Roumanian strain of P. falciparum. 
Earle (1936b) in Grenada dissected 17 A. 
tarsimaculatus which had fed on a human 
carrier of P. falciparum, and found 6 in¬ 
fected. 
P. malariae. Darling (1910), in Panama, 
dissected one A. tarsimaculata which had 
fed on a patient with quartan malaria, with 
negative results. Davis and Shannon 
(1928) also reported negative results with 
one mosquito. 
b. Infection in nature. Reports of infec¬ 
tion in nature have been made by Boyd 
(1926), de Verteuil (1933) and Earle 
(1936b). Those prior to 1931 are listed by 
Coveil (1927; 1931b). 
c. Epidemiological. A. tarsimaculatus 
was formerly suspected as an important 
vector in Panama (Simmons et al. 1939), 
and the reduction in incidence of malaria 
at certain forts subsequent to the canaliza- 
zation of nearby tidal swamps on the At¬ 
lantic coast suggests that the salt water 
variety (A. aquasalis ) may have been con- 
3 . 4 . aquasalis (Rozeboom and Gabaldon). 
cerned. De Verteuil (1933) concluded that 
A. tarsimaculatus was the most important 
vector in Trinidad, and more recently de 
Verteuil and Spence (1937) stated that of 
the 13 species of anophelines in Trinidad 
the only two that are important vectors are 
A. tarsimaculatus Goeldi and A. bellator 
var. cruzii D & K. Earle (1936b) stated 
that A. tarsimaculatus was taken in houses, 
preferred human blood, and was the main 
carrier in Grenada and St. Lucia. On the 
other hand, Giglioli (1938a, b), in British 
Guiana, observed that A. tarsimaculatus 
Goeldi is relatively infrequent in houses, 
prefers to feed on animals and is prevalent 
in localities usually free from endemic ma¬ 
laria. Tournier (1937) reported that A. 
tarsimaculatus Goeldi, which is apparently 
adapted to brackish water, is the only 
anopheline found in the coastal region of 
French Guiana and that it and A. albitarsis 
are the principal vectors. 
In spite of the early confusion as to the 
identity of A. tarsimaculatus (A. aqua¬ 
salis), the available evidence indicates that 
it is probably an important vector of ma¬ 
laria in many localities. This species de¬ 
serves further experimental study. 
22 . Anopheles (Kerteszia) bellator 
Dyar and Knab 1906 
There are no data of experimental infec¬ 
tion and the data for infection in nature are 
inadequate, but de Verteuil and Spence be¬ 
lieve that A. bellator var. cruzi is a danger¬ 
ous vector of malaria in Trinidad, and that 
in native villages it is probably responsible 
for about 20 per cent of the malarial mor¬ 
tality. De Bezerra (1936), in Brazil, re¬ 
marked that A. bellator var. cruzi is thought 
to carry malaria, though it has not been 
proved to do so in the laboratory. This 
mosquito should be studied experimentally. 
23. Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai Howard, 
Dyar and Knab 1917 
There are no data of experimental infec¬ 
tion or of infection in nature and the epi¬ 
demiological data are inadequate. The con¬ 
clusion is that A. neivai should be studied 
to determine its susceptibility to infection 
and its relation to malaria. 
