130 
MALARIA 
TABLE IY 
Anophelines Infected with Plasmodia but not Adequately Studied to 
Determine their Belation to Malaria 
Experimental Infection 
Epidemiological data 
Species 
P. vivax 
P. falci¬ 
parum 
P. mala- 
riae 
Infections 
in nature 
Feeds 
on man 
Enters 
dwellings 
Suspected 
as a 
vector 
Nearctic region 
A. atropos . 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
A. barberi . 
+ 
+ 
? 
1 
A. walkeri . 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
Neotropical region 
A. apicimacula . 
+ (1) 
+ 
? 
A. neomaculipalpus . 
+ (7) 
+ 
f 
A. grabhami . 
+ (8) 
+ 
+ 
? 
A. vestitipennis . 
+ (1) 
+ 
+ 
A. eiseni . 
+ (1> 
A. strodei . 
+ (2) 
+ (2) 
+ 
+ 
A. bachmanni . 
+ <«) 
+ (2) 
+ 
- 
Venezuela 
Note: The following anophelines have not been investigated to determine their relation to ma¬ 
laria: C. bathanus, A. kompi, A. parapunctipennis, A. xelajuensis, A. anomaphyllus, A. oswaldoi, A. 
neivae. 
can anophelines and the possibility that 
various unrecognized species, subspecies or 
varieties were formerly included under 
such specific names as A. maculipennis, A. 
crucians, A. tarsimaculatus, A. pseudo- 
punctipennis, etc. 
Obviously more exact methods are needed 
to determine the relative importance of dif¬ 
ferent anophelines as vectors of malaria 
under all of the varied conditions to be 
encountered in the different regions where 
the disease is endemic. It appears that the 
development of such methods must depend 
primarily on the organization of increased 
facilities for fundamental research in medi¬ 
cal entomology, and new techniques for 
appraising the effectiveness of anophelines 
as vectors. 
Such a revised program must begin with 
the establishment of exact criteria for the 
differentiation and identification of the 
anopheline species, subspecies and varieties. 
Surveys should be made to determine the 
relative prevalence, breeding places and 
habits of each kind of mosquito at different 
seasons in the various regions. Their rela¬ 
tion to malaria in each of these regions 
should be determined by carefully con¬ 
trolled epidemiological and experimental 
observations, which should, in so far as pos¬ 
sible, be continued as a routine integral 
part of the local malarial control program. 
In this connection it is believed that a 
continuous check on the progress of ma¬ 
larial control in a routine entomological 
laboratory might be just as helpful as are 
the bacteriological checks utilized routinely 
in determining the efficiency of a water 
purification plant. The information ob¬ 
tained might include the incidence of natu¬ 
rally acquired infections in local anophe¬ 
lines at different seasons of the year and the 
probable sources of these infections; also 
changes in the susceptibility of local anoph¬ 
elines to infection with local and introduced 
strains of plasmodia from time to time. 
Such information collected over a period of 
years might throw light on some of the un¬ 
explained fluctuations in malarial morbid¬ 
ity and mortality. 
In conclusion, it is desired to reemphasize 
the belief that the development of more ade¬ 
quate fundamental knowledge concerning 
the anophelines of North America should 
make it possible to more effectively control 
malaria in this continent. 
