Project Title 5, Decision^Support System 
Project Coordination and Resources (3.0-6.0 FTEs: AED, GED, MED, starting in FY05/06, plus 
programming support) 
Objectives 
The objective of this research is to develop a decision-support system for diagnosing the causes 
of biological impairment at multiple scales. The decision-support system will be based on 
conceptual models outlining expected cause-effect relationships involving single and multiple 
stressors (project 1). At the most basic level, this interface will consist of a guide to the use of 
existing EPA databases, methods, and models. As tools are developed for diagnosis of single or 
multiple stressors, these will be incorporated into an expert-system frameworic. Simple empirical 
relationships between exposure and response indicators will be incorporated, as well as more 
detailed mechanistically-based models. 
Scientific Approach 
Phase 1. Identify existing tools, methods, and models available to support establishment of 
cause-effect relationships 
A conceptual model is proposed to provide a framework for documentation of existing tools to 
support diagnosis (Figure 16). Within this conceptual framework, it is possible to develop 
methods and models that bypass many of the linkages, for example, relating alterations in land- 
use/land-cover within an existing watershed class to projected effects on fish community 
integrity. Examples of existing methods and models available to establish or confirm the cause- 
effect linkages in Figure 16 are listed in Table 5. 
Phase 2. Produce a decision support system design 
Existing decision support systems will be investigated to choose an appropriate approach. Based 
on the apfx*oach chosen, a system framework will be developed and a document produced to 
instruct collaborators on the intent and use of the decision-support system and to build 
management support for this system through practical demonstrations of its utility. 
The technology now exists to produce a computerized, web-based decision support system. The 
BASINS system supported by OW consolidates a geospatial framework to support a 
comprehensive diagnostic decision-support system. At present, it is a collection of models and 
databases organized around a GIS-based computer program. This system will be expanded to 
include the information and tools produced under this Aquatic Stressors research effort. ''Exp)ert 
system" modules will be added that would lead persons in the Program Offices and State 
agencies through a guided, rule-based scenario that leads to a diagnosis of the causes of 
162 
