REDMEN ; SOME OF THEIR THOUGHTS. 3 
colonizers of the adjacent coasts, of enslaving and 
destroying these. And later, when in those adjacent 
parts the bodily enslavement of the Redmen by the 
Spaniards had given place to their equally strenuous 
spiritual enslavement by Spanish Catholics, the Redmen 
of Guiana, more fortunate than their neighbouring kin- 
dred, were for the most part left simply to their own 
moral devices. And even to this day in Guiana, except 
along the sea-coast, which has alone been settled and 
where missions have been established, almost the sole 
communication between the Redmen and the colonists 
is that, of very slight extent, which the former bring 
about by their own voluntafy and rare visits to the 
Europeanized coast. More than most of their neigh- 
bouring fellows, therefore, the Redmen of Guiana have 
retained their own ideas and habits. These ideas, these 
habits, and the simplicity of their arts mark them as 
belonging, certainly not quite to the lowest stage of 
South American civilization, as exemplified in some of 
the Brazilian tribes, but yet, taking into consideration 
the marvellously developed, if still barbaric, civilization 
of Central America and Peru, to a very primitive stage. 
It must not be supposed that these Redmen have made 
no additions to the observations which formed the mental 
stock of primitive human reason ; yet, despite this gain 
of many comparatively advanced results of thought, they 
retain extreme, and in many respects almost primitive, 
processes of thought. 
In order to obtain an instructive parallel, we may 
compare for a moment certain features in the develop- 
ment of the mental apparatus of the human race with the 
corresponding features in the development of its apparatus 
A 3 
