Notes on Plants at Roraima. 161 
in Brazil, reached by GARDNER in 1837, and that in the 
axils of its leaves occurs an Utricularia {U. nelumbifolta,) 
which, to judge from GARDNER'S passing descriptions, 
must be strikingly similar to U. Humboldtii as it occurs 
on the Kaieteur savannah.* Possibly, nay probably, the 
Organ Mountains, too, resemble in some other of their 
vegetable features the Kaieteur savannah and Roraima. 
Let us now pass to the consideration of Roraima itself 
as an area of distinct vegetation. And in so doing a few 
words must just be said to recall the physical features of 
the mountain. 
Roraima is one, certainly the best known, perhaps the 
most remarkable, of a group of pillar-like sandstone 
mountains capped with hard conglomerate, which group 
is, it seems to me, identical in nature and origin with the 
groups of sandstone pillars, capped with conglomerate or 
hardened mud, of the eppellings already described. In 
short, Roraima and its fellow mountains seem to be an 
eppelling on a gigantic scale. Some notion of how large 
the scale is may be gathered from the fa£ts that Roraima 
itself, one pillar of the group, is almost exactly four 
miles wide along its south-eastern face, and is apparently 
seven or eight miles long from south to north, and that 
its height is some 5,000 feet above the general level of 
the plain from which it rises. f 
* Gardner's description of the vegetation of the Organ mountains 
(see his " Travels in Brazil." London, 1849. Especially pp. 50-52 and 
402-403) reads extraordinarily like an account of the vegetation of 
Roraima. The height of the two elevations is about the same, but the 
Organ range consists almost exclusively of granite, not, as does 
Roraima, of sandstone. 
f In a recent number of the Proceedings of tbe Royal Geographical 
Society (June 1886) is a paper by Mr. James W. Wells, C.E., on a 
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