6 
HIMANTOPTERUS: PHAUDA. By Dr. K. Jobdan. 
the eggs are probably laid in small masses and covered with this sort of wool. Possibly there are similar relations 
between the larvae and the Termites to those between many Lycaenid larvae and ants. 
1. Genus: Himantopterus Wesm. 
Forewing without veinlets between costal vein and margin; upper angle of the cell projecting very 
far beyond the lower one; 3. subcostal from the cell. 3 or 4 subcostals present; first discocellular oblique, 
placed in the same direction as the second or forming a very obtuse angle with it: upper submedian pre¬ 
sent. — Indo-Malayan; 4 species. 
fuscinervis. H. fuscinervis Wesm. (Id). Yellow; antenna, the veins and fringes of the forewing and the hind¬ 
wing with the exception of the base and apex black; hindwing almost linear, slightly broadened behind the 
middle, the hindmargin in the cf somewhat angled here, but not so strongly widened into a lobe as in the 
next species. — Sukabumi and Mt. Gede, Java; Mt. Tahan, east side of the Malacca Peninsula. 
H. dohertyi. Collar, abdomen, and in the cf the basal half of the hindwing red-yellow. Forewing 
blackish. semitransparent, almost glassy at the base; hindwing in the ? very narrow, in the cf broadened 
more or less into a lobe behind the middle of the hindmargin. Assam: in the Khasia and Naga Hills: 
dohertyi. May, June and August, perhaps all through the summer. — In dohertyi Elw. (— doubledayi Elw .) the 
hindwing of the cf is comparatively broad, reversed lanceolate, and in the ? it has only a few yellow hair- 
elwesi. scales at the base. Naga Hills. — elwesi subsp. nov. (Id) is the form from the Khasia Hills. The hind¬ 
wing of the cf is narrow and behind the middle widened into a lobe; in the ? the hindwing is yellowish 
towards the base. 
caudata H. caudata Moore (Id). Body red-yellow. Forewing blackish, semitransparent, a patch in the cell 
and 2 or 3 spots behind it yellow, these spots in the ? larger and deeper yellow than in the cf. Hindwing 
from the base to 2 / 5 broad, this part somewhat shorter than the forewing, bright yellow, with 2 black spots, 
tail black. — South and North India, Burma; Hampson found this insect not rare in the Nilgiri Mountains, 
where he took it by beating at an elevation of about 3000 ft.; he also found a couple of specimens 
resting on leaves. The black spots of the hindwing are rather variable in size. 
H. zaida. Body yellow, antenna black. Forewing at least at the base and the broad basal part of 
the hindwing yellow; 2. and 3. radials of the forewing long-stalked; hindwing with 2 black spots and black 
tail, the tip of the broad part only very little black at the beginning of the tail; the hinder angle of the 
broad part more projecting than in H. caudata. The 9. abdominal segment of the cf above the anal hook 
with 2 long pointed processes, which in H. caudata are only indicated. North India and Burma; two sub- 
zaida species. — zaida Doubt. (1 d). Forewing yellow from the hindmargin to the lower angle of the cell or 
beyond the apex of the cell. Gherrapunji, Assam: a pair in the Tring Museum, the ? taken in June; 2 cfcf 
flavescens. in the British Museum. — flavescens subsp. nov. Only 2 ?2 known. Forewing entirely yellow, the veins, 
the narrow costal margin and the fringes of the outer margin black, the costal margin somewhat more 
broadly black at the upper angle of the cell. The black spots of the hindwing small, the posterior one 
oblong, the basal part of the wing narrower than in zaida Doubt., the hinder angle more strongly lobe¬ 
shaped. Donaut Range, Tenasserim; in the British Museum. 
B. Subfamily: Phaudinae. 
Scaling rough, mostly hair-shaped; strong metallic gloss absent. Mouth-parts mostly aborted; ocelli present 
or wanting, the forms with long palpi without ocelli, easily distinguished by this from the Zygaeninae. — Earlier 
stages only known of one Javan species, whose yellow eggs are laid in glutinous masses. Larva shiny, reminding- 
one of that of Limacodids. Cocoon firm, fastened on the upperside of. a leaf. This subfamily consists of 2 types 
according to the shape of the wings: a narrow-winged and a broad-winged type; in both the colours are black- 
brown, yellow and red. The narrow-winged forms resemble beetles, bugs, Cicadas and Hymenoptera, whilst the 
broad forms, which .look like certain Liparids and Hypsids and are only known from Africa and North-West India, 
probably mimic Fulgorids (Flatinae). The insects‘are mostly only taken singly, but some species are found in large 
numbers both as imago and larva. 
1. Genus: Pliauda Walk. 
Body with rough hairs. Palpus and tongue small. Antenna setiform, with somewhat longer pectina¬ 
tions in the cf than in the ?, but the two on the same segment joined together at their base in <shape. 
Ocelli wanting. Abdomen laterally with long hairs, in the cf with 2 black hair-pencils at the end; penis- 
sheath uniformly curved upwards, with thorn-shaped tip. Spur of the foretibia long; middle and hindtibiae 
with one pair of short terminal spurs. Wings elongated; forewing with 4 or 5 subcostals, all arising from 
the cell, or the 4. and 5. stalked, the 1. far before the end of the cell; in the hindwing the 2. and 3. radials 
from the lower angle of the cell. Last tarsal joint of the ? impressed beneath. - Indo-Malayan, distributed 
northwards to North China. The species, when at rest or crawling, resemble the beetles of the subfamily 
Lycinae, which are protected by an acrid smelling fluid, as well as bugs; they feign death when touched, 
and raise the abdomen high, the black hair-pencils of the cf projecting and bearing a deceptive resemblance 
