58 
ERIOCOPEIA. By A. Janet. 
toothlike than tail-like and it differs from all others through the bands of spots on the hindwings, formed out 
of the drawn out submarginal spots, the color of which varies from almost pure white to flesh-colored 
occasionally near the border, which can be very narrow, dusted with black scales. 
As long as comparative observations of the lower stages are wanting, it is not possible to make any definite decision 
as to the specific identity or divergence of the two chief forms pliilenora and polydora. A better reason being wanted, I 
have placed under pliilenora the less scallopped and smaller spotted formes, which generally on the hindwings shew a bright 
reflexion, whereas to polydora I reckon those forms which are strongly tailed more richly and brightly spotted, but with a 
puller color. I incline to the view, that there are two different species, although not denying, that there are certain forms 
with mixed characters which are sufficient to justify a doubt as to this. 
pliilenora. 
maculata. 
diphilaea. 
lidderdalei. 
caudata. 
philoxenaea. 
varunaea. 
E. pliilenora. This species from the north of India and Indo-China is extremely variable, but its 
variation seems to be more of an individual, than of a geographical or seasonal character. In general the 
hindwing border of the pliilenora forms is less scallopped, than in the following polydora forms and the 
hindwings have far fewer spots. Although individual variations in neuration are not rare, the intracellular 
vein of the hindwings is in most cases rudimentary, but distinctly marked by means of a crease, which does 
not fork at the end of the cell but is directly continued in the second radial. — philenora Westiv. (9i). the 
longest known form of this species, is characterized by the almost black hindwings, which have only two pale 
spots one in the anal angle and the other near to the costal border. North India. — maculata Btlr. has a 
white area on the disc of the hindwings, in nearly “/J ds of a line drawn from the base the end of the subcosta, 
I he hindwings are a lit tle more scallopped than in the typical form. Bhutan. — In diphilaea Moore the form 
of the hindwings is more typical, besides the anal spot, there is a small submarginal spot near to the end of 
the rear median nervure, the disc bears light streaks, which form a crescent with the horns outwards, it is 
situated nearer to the base than the paler area in maculata, Bhutan, Sikkim. — In lidderdalei Btlr. there is 
a third submarginal spot and a fairly large discal spot, formed of three drawn out connected spots, of which 
the two last, turned outwards are the largest. — In caudata Btlr. (9 i) the hindwings are more extended the 
three submarginal spots stand in almost a straight line; whereas in lidderdalei they form a blunt angle slightly 
larger than a right angle; the discal spot is formed of three spots of which the front one is small and isolated, 
whereas the rear ones are extended outwards to form rounded ends and are connected along the vein. — philoxenaea 
Moore has very much extended hindwings, comparatively narrow, but their filaments have a less tail-like look 
than in caudata. Sometimes the anal spot alone is present, sometimes the two submarginal spots are also 
present. The white discal spot is very variable; sometimes it is formed of three drawn out spots, of which 
the former pointed outwards is situated opposite the two others, which are pointed towards the base, but 
sharply defined outwards and sometimes assume the form of a latticelike band; the costocellular spot of the 
forewing undersides is strongly developed. Bengal, Burmah. — varunaea Moore finally forms the transition 
to pliilenora, has markings and neuration in agreement with it, but the wingshape of polydora, Hindwings 
quite dark with an anal and a costal spot, as in pliilenora and further with a long transverse spot. Bengal, 
Sikkim, Bhutan also recorded from Mu-pin. 
E. polydora Westiv. mimics outwardly a female Pap. rlietenor. Both forms of this species are characterized 
immediately by a row of more or less ocellated submarginal spots and a large spot in the disc, which as a 
rule is spread over six intravenal spaces. In the hindwings the intracellular vein, which is not so distinct 
as in pliilenora, is not as a rule forked; the middle and rear discocellular form each with the corresponding 
excisa. branch of the intracellular a kind of Y. — excisa Btlr. (Vol. 2, pi. 10) more nearly resembles the former 
species, on account of the relatively small submarginal spots; as a rule they increase in size from the anal 
angle to the flaps. The discal area forms an exact triangle with the point outwards. Pundjab, Himalayas; 
polydora. also in Tibet. —- polydora Westiv. is the Epicopeia which is most extensively scallopped between the costal 
and the subcostal veins; the subcostal spots increase in size beyond the flaps up to that which is situated in 
the anal angle and nearly all of them are ocellated. The discal area although pointed in the middle has more 
the appearance of a band than a triangle. Larva covered with threads of a waxlike skin-secretion, which 
frequently reach a length of 25 mm and give it the appearance of a colony of scale insects according to 
Dudgeon; when pupating it lowers itself by a silken thread from its foodplant a spins a light coccoon. 
There are three other species, caroli (Vol. 2, pi. 10 b), mencia (Vol. 2, pi. 10 a) and hainesi (Vol. 2, pi. 10 b), which 
chiefly inhabit the palaearctic region and are therefore described in Volumn 2. It is possible that caroli will be found in 
the Indian Himilayas, as is excisa; perhaps also hainesi, whose occurrance on Shi-Koku, one of the two southern islands 
of Japan has been ascertained, may also reach the Linchoten or Formosa in a southward direction. At present we are only 
justified in including the followings species mencia in the Indian territory, which has been found at Fu-tscheu. 
