744 
HYPERTHYRIS; GLANYCUS; DYSODIA. By M. Gaede. 
a fringe-like margin of the hindwing (in Camadena emarginalis limps.), or all the distal margins may be gnawed 
out and extended into pointed tips, as in Dysodia viridatrix. Sometimes all the 4 wings are broad and large, 
and of a similar shape and marking ( Camadena vespertilionis), or the contrary may also be the case, the 
hindwing not even half as long as the forewing, so that a Syntomid-like shape is produced, as in Glanycus inso- 
litus and tricolor. 
Whilst the American Thyrididae often attain a considerable size (expanse 80 mm and more), most of 
the Indian forms are small or quite small, and scarcely any of their species attains 50 mm or more; the dimen¬ 
sions of but few African species *) exceed 20—25 mm. The only species inhabiting the European continent —- 
Thyris fenestrella Scop. -— is known to number among the smallest Heterocera ranged under the Macrolepi- 
doptera, beside some Psychidae and Aegeridae. 
It is easily understood that, owing to this great variability (also of the form), attempts have been made 
to bring about a greater perspicuity of the series of heterogeneous species by means of various subdivisions, 
and according to Guenee Pachythyrinae, Striglininae. and Siculinae have been distinguished, yet it could not 
be prevented that gigantic genera comprising more than 250 species ( Rhodoneura ), or Striglina and Hypolam- 
prus (with more than 50 forms) have resulted from these attempts. 
The genus Herimha which has recently been placed to the Thyrididae and contains but one species, 
atkinsoni Mr., has been dealt with by us already among the Callidulidae (p. 491) and figured on pi. 57 c. 
Family: Thyrididae. 
By M. Gaede. 
1. Genus: Hypertliyris Leech. 
Palpi broad at the base, ending pointed. Antennae of finely ciliated, tibiae long-haired. All the 
veins of the fore wing are separate, hindwing without the cross-vein. 
aperta. H. aperta Leech. This species having been dealt with in Vol. II, p. 372, pi. 50 e, occurs also in Sikkim 
and therefore belongs also to the Indian fauna. It is easily recognizable by its Sesia-like exterior. 
2. Genus: (Glanycus Wkr. 
Palpi shorter, densely haired. Antennae of A tufted. Veins 7 + 8 of the narrow forewing stalked. The 
hindwing lacks the cross-vein, veins 4 p 5 and 6 + 7 separate only near the margin. Beside two Indian species 
of this genus only one ( blachieri Oherth.) is known, which occurs near the south-eastern frontier of the palae- 
arctic region and presumably also penetrates into the Indian region; cf. Vol. II, p. 372, pi. 50 c. Type of the 
genus: insolitus Wkr. 
insolitus. G. insolitus Wkr. (91 c). Fiery red. Thorax and abdomen above intensely bluish-black; forewing with 
two black stripes, a hyaline spot before the cross-vein, an oval black spot adjoining to it, apical area broadly 
dark brown. Hindwing with a large hyaline spot in the cell-end. One black spot each behind it and below it, 
besides mostly yet some smaller ones. 34—40 mm. India, Singapore, Borneo. 
tricolor. G. tricolor Mr. (91 c). Body and wings black, collar and a narrow ring on the abdomen carmine. The 
hyaline spots of both wings as in insolitus. 32 mm. Darjeeling, Khasia Mts. 
3. Genus: Dysodia Clem. 
Palpi projecting beyond frons, antennae of $ and $ plain. Forewing slightly concave below the middle 
at the margin, all the veins separate. Hindwing without vein 3, the other veins separate, 4 and 5 as well as 
6 and 7 arise from the angles of the cross-vein. Type: vitrina Bsd. from America. 
ignita. D. ignita Wkr. (Vol. II, pi. 50 e). This species being distributed from India to the Sunda Is. has already 
been dealt with in Vol. II, p. 372. It is a matter of opinion which of the many names mentioned here are to 
be regarded as valid or synonymous, since the colour of the wings and the shape of the hyaline spots vary very 
much. Thus, for instance, siculoides Pldr., mentioned as synonymous in Vol. II, differs from ignita in its lighter 
fenestrata. forewings and the absence of hyaline spots. — fenestrata Mr. (= miniata Wkr.) is not so reddish as ignita, but 
*) Cf. Vol. 14, pi. 76. 
