HYPSINAE: AGAPE. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
chloro'p/yga. 
094. 
III. Subfamily Hypsinae. 
This group of rather closely allied butterflies has been variously viewed by the different authors. P. 
C. T. Snellen was the first who, in 1886, issued a monography of the subfamily by the name of Aganaidea, 
which he reckoned among the family of the ,,Lithosina“ , although it has additional eyes which are absent in 
the genuine Lithosiinae. Of the 10 genera distinguished by Snellen, some have in the meantime been subordi¬ 
nated as subgenera to others, so that there remain altogether 8 genera. Rothschild and Jordan, in 1896 and 
1897 issued a careful synopsis with the description of numerous new forms, which we substantially follow here. 
Among the prominent peculiarities of the Hypsinae are a large proboscis and the long palpi with a 
strange, subuliform terminal joint, the stout head, the extraordinarily large, protruding eyes, the broad, mostly 
regular wings, sometimes, however, varied by an extremely complicated and mostly very conspicuous scent- 
organ, the bright colouring, the rather sapless body, and the lazy, sluggish larva. On the hindwing veins 7 and 8 
are united near the middle of the cell. In most of these marks the Hypsinae deviate from the Calli- 
morpha, so that we thought it to be unjustified to combine them or to place the Callimorpinnae among the 
Hypsinae. Above all, the larvae are quite different. Those of Callimorpha are bright, variegated, small-headed 
larvae living on the soil on herbs and bushes; they almost entirely belong to the temperate zone and exhibit 
unmistakable affinities to the Arctiinae. The Hypsinae have very scantily haired tree-larvae, almost exclusively 
living in the tropics and exhibiting entirely different habits. 
With the exception perhaps of Agape, the Hypsinae form a very well defined group which may most 
naturally be placed between the Callimorpha and Lithosia. 
Head very large with extraordinarily thick, protruding eyes, a broad forehead, hair-pencils at the bases 
of the antennae and distinct additional eyes. The antennae often very long, thin, in the <$ often strongly combed 
or pinnate. Proboscis long and strong, rolled between the large palpi showing a mostly densely haired, brightly 
coloured 2nd joint and a subuliform, long, usually bare 3rd joint. Body always brightly coloured, often with 
variegated spots and markings; the thorax not tenacious, on the contrary very brittle, with projecting shoulder- 
covers. Middle tibiae with terminal spurs, hind tibiae with 2 pair of spurs, the anterior ones of which are usually 
longer than the terminal spurs; wings of a normal shape, the neuration often distorted by scent-organs. Cell 
of the forewing very broad, the discocellulars inwardly angled or curved, behind or above the cell-end frequently 
an areola caused by the anastomosing subcostal veins. All the butterflies belonging hereto are of almost the 
same size and partly very similar colouring, yellow, brownish-grey and black. The larvae are cylindrical, of 
medium length, frequently mottled or with transverse stripes; the pupae are extraordinarily smoothly polished, 
without appendages, in a web composed of few threads. Larvae mostly gregarious, so that often hundreds 
may be shaken down from one tree; they often pupate gregariously in the slits of the bark or in hollows beneath 
roots, sometimes also in leaves loosely rolled together, in which the pupa is freely to be seen from outside, 
very much like those of the American Pericopiinae. The butterflies seem to fly at night, but they are often 
met with in day-time, owing to their habit of flying up from the leaf, beneath which they rest, when only slightly 
touched. They are mostly very common and to be met with in the tropics all the year round. They are distributed 
over the whole world, but they seem scarcely to reach the temperate zone, except at the frontier of Cashmir 
and perhaps in the Interior of China. The genus Eligma stated in Vol. II of the ,,Macrolepidoptera“ as belonging 
to the Hypsinae, has of late been recognized to belong to the Noctuids and therefore mentioned again in Vol. III. 
We consequently do not enumerate it here and refer the readers to Vol. XI with respect to this genus. 
Whilst in the preceding subfamily, composed of very insignificant, often faintly coloured forms, less stress 
was laid on figures not showing distinctly the deviating neuration, the figures of the variegated Hypsinae are 
mostly a good aid for the distinction, for which reason the illustrations of this group are, like in our Arctiinae , 
almost without a gap. 
1. Genus: Agape Snell. 
This genus is at once discernible from the other genera of this subfamily by the absence of the scent- 
or sound-organ in the forewing. Snellen who at first more precisely described the genus established by 
Felder, did not know the and his statements about the absence of the secondary organ were therefore 
merely presumptions which. hoAvever, were verified. The 3rd joint of the palpi is shorter than the 2nd; on 
the forewing vein 7 comes from the cell-apex and is on a short footstalk with 8 and 9. The genus contains 
only 2 very similar species and is exclusively Indo-Australian. 
A. chloropyga Wkr. (= cyanopygaiVrfr.) (27 a). Yolk-coloured, the forewing with six dark, punctiform 
spots above not showing through beneath, in contrast with the somewhat similar Asota egens in which the black 
spots beneath are absent above. Both abdomen and wings yolk-coloured, the last 3 abdominal rings, however, 
