504 
SAMI A. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
normal specimen bred by myself from the registered pupa in ^longkong. This rather large form (American 
erratic specimens are mostly somewhat smaller) is recognizable by the bright moss-colour; the abdomen exhibits 
white woolly filamentous hair-tufts arranged in longitudinal rows. The shape of the wings is not constant, 
since I found at the same time d'd' with rather elongate wings and square built $$ with broader wings. Specimens 
introduced into North America and Europe are said invariably to exhibit obtuse wings, which together with 
walkeri. the somewhat darkened colouring led to the denomination: aclvena Wts. ■ — walked Fldr. is likewise a form with 
somewhat obtuse wings, replacing the typical cynthia in the palaearctic region and neither showing the bright 
green of typical cyntlna. The other palaearctic forms also have more olive colour than eulouvaina Wts. from 
Tsintau with an intense brownish tint and pryeri Btlr. (Vok II, pi. 33 a) with a dark olive tint, a very extensive 
apex of the forewing and the margin of the hindwing being mostly broken in the centre. — Of this group only 
canningii. typical cynthia seems to occur in the Indian Region, canningii Hutt. (= cynthia Mr.) (52 c as walkeri), however. 
is distributed very far in Southern Asia. Ground-colour brownish, the margin of the hindwing not angled, the 
transverse band crossing both wings broadly filled with purple pink. — This band may be also particularly 
broad and of a very bright white as in more pointedly winged specimens from Assam (= ab. jole Ww.), from 
lulva. where, however, also the figured specimen originates. — In fulva Jord. (= fusca Wts.), from the Andamans, 
the proximal angular stripe is narrow and grey instead of white, inside more broadly bordered with black. — 
insularis. In insularis Volt. (= cynthia Ky. nec Drc., radiata Closs) (55 A b) the transverse stripe is very much broader. 
proximad irregularly though distinctly defined, despatching light tongues towards the margin. — The Javanese 
vaneeckei. form has a loamy yellow ground-colour with a slight olive tint, whereas the Sumatran race (vaneeckei Wts.) 
is said to be larger and of a darker colour *). — An intermediary between the lighter Javanese and the darker 
vanderberg- Sumatran forms are the Celebes specimens with a somewhat more intense loamy yellow tint: = vanderberghi 
hi. Wts. — luzonica Wts. (= ricini Semp.) (5G A b) is the name for Philippinic specimens which we figure 
huomca. £ rom L uzon More fawn-coloured, the distal transverse stripe less convex with a very distinct, anteriorly 
tetrica. white border, the central crescents more elongate than in the preceding forms; in the Philippine Is. — tetrica 
Bbl., reported from Malacca; its marking seems to me to correspond rather exactly with certain specimens 
from Padang of the insularii 5-form vaneeckei'''' , which are before me; the form is said to be of a dark fawn-colour, 
and the grey proximal angular band being more white in Sumatra is described to be grey here, whilst the distally 
convex posterior stripe is outside bordered with a ,,dull peach-blossom colour 11 , the central lunae being more 
open, bordered with jet-black, that in the hindwing much more curved. Types in the Vienna Museum, bought 
viindanaen- from a dealer. — mindanaensis Bbl. is reported to be smaller, paler than tetrica, the crescent of the forewing 
sis. very elongate, in the not touching the distal transverse stripe which is neither distinctly notched for this 
reason, the protuberances of this stripe showing towards the margin are less distinct. — bomeensis Bbl. has the 
same ground-colour as mindanaensis, but the white distal transverse stripe is narrower and is bent outward 
at the costa and inner margin, the pink stripe behind it being more distinct, the crescent of the forewing very 
ricini. narrow; from the Kina-balu **). — ricini Bsd. (= arrindia Milnc-Edw., guerini Mr.) (52 c) is a mostly stunted 
form of domestication, easily distinguished from the forms of cynthia and insularis by the rows of small woolly 
flocks on the abdomen being replaced by white transverse belts. In the figured specimen (in the Senckenberg 
Museum), which is said to originate from a culture at Montevideo, the proximal angular band, with the vertex 
below the almost uncurved, oval crescentiform spot, broadly terminates in the distal transverse stripe. Especially 
do increased breedings often yield small specimens entirely lacking the crescents in the centre of the wings, 
or they are reduced to diminutive centre-spots ***); these are stunted forms which do not deserve any scientific 
denominations, although certain breedings may yield numbers of quite homogeneous aberrative forms. In the 
figured specimen from Uruguay (there are quite homogeneous other specimens, presumably from the same 
obscura. breeding) the abdomen is quite uniformly white-haired. — Rebel presumes obscura Btlr. (= arrindia Andre) 
to be the original race of this production of breeding. Larger, more sepia than fawn in ground-colour, on the 
whole darker, with longer and narrower crescents; the angular band does not flow into the distal one, but it 
only sends out 2 dentiform points touching this band. Assam, Himalayan districts etc. Since the wild cynthia - 
race of Assam seems to be the form canningii, this form may be a new production of introduced breedings or 
a result of change by domestication, because specimens easily escape from the breeding establishments. —- 
lunuloides. Rebel figures as lunuloides an Assam form which is undoubtedly degenerated by domestication with very 
broadly washed out and confluent transverse bands in which the widened centre spots are entirely embedded. 
— As we include all the forms of cynthia in one species, we cannot regard the interbreeding of races as hybridation. 
Nevertheless Henby Watson, following Tutt’.s example, has distributed a number of names, such as: 
cynthia x canningii $ = xanthroxylon Wts. 
cynthia B X ricini $ = ivallacei Tutt\ the reverse copula, ricini 3 with (a transplanted) cynthia 
$ -- vesta Wkr. or russelli Wts. 
*) Specimens from Padang and from Batavia in my collection differ but very little. 
**) The distinctions of insularis from the varions Malay districts and the Philippines seem to me to be rather insigni¬ 
ficant, and besides they may be the results of domestication. 
***) Such a specimen is figured by Sonthonnax (Olassific. L4pid. Soie PI. VIII, fig. 2). 
