510 
ANTHERAEA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
that the value of the forms and the justification of the names is often rather doubtful. The names denominating 
geographical races are likewise untenable, because among great numbers of specimens examined the forms that 
were at first taken to be constant proved to aberrate individually. Thus sivalica Mr. and fraterna Mr. are 
cingalcsa. synonymous with paphia, according to Hampson. — cingalesa Mr. is the form from Ceylon, the specimens of 
which are frequently regarded as genuine mylitta, but which, according to Hampson, invariably show a dark 
brownish-yellow ground-colour. — It is from this species, especially its mylitta-ioxm that the Tussah or Tussur 
silk is derived; we refer to what has been said about Indian silk-culture on p. 499. 
non phi. A. rumphi Fldr. is very closely allied to paphia, but according to Rumph it is said to vary in fact 
constantly and distinctly, which fact however, as Feld-er states, is not shown by the figure furnished by 
Rumph (Herb. Amboin. 3, pi. 75). Wings above intensely yellow, forewing with an almost elliptical, anteriorly 
somewhat truncate, vitreous eyespot which is traversed before the centre by the cross-vein and surrounded 
by 3 coloured rings with the usual transverse stripes, the outer one of which is broad purple, in the forewing 
oblique, coherent; at the apical anterior portion there is a black macula bordered with white; the transverse 
stripe of the hindwing is hardly undulate, feebly curved, the other one before it indistinct, black and undulate; 
beneath pale browinsh-yellow, with the 3 usual indistinct stripes, the first of which is reddish-yellow, extending 
near the eyespot; the others are grey. Body reddish-yellow, thoracal margin in front grey. Amboina. — 
cclcbensis. celebensis Wts. differs in relatively larger ocelli with a paler yellowish-red ring. The inner undulate line, which 
is distinct in rumphi, is absent here, the exterior yellowish-red border of the postdiscal dark line is much feebler 
buruensis. than in rumphi ; from Celebes. - buruensis Bouv., from Buru, is said to differ from rumphi from Amboina in 
its red-brown colouring, a more produced apex of the forewing and the distal margin of the forewing being 
slightly sinuate below the apex, the exterior stripe of the forewing not being straight but outwardly concave. — 
subcaeca, subcaeca, from Java, is coloured like buruensis, but the distal margin of the forewing is almost straight, hardly 
sinuate, and the exterior stripe on the forewing is less concave; the vitreous spot in the ocellus of the forewing 
is almost extinct, in the hindwing greatly reduced. Aurivillius takes this species to be the real paphia of Linxe 
whereas Hampson presumes paphia to be melitta and Kirby an African Saturnid. Lixne’s very general 
description does not supply us with any information on this subject. 
gcphyra. A. gephyra Niep., of an unknown patria, is said to be intermediary between typical mylitta and frithii 
(53 b). From the figure of mylitta (53 b) it chiefly differs in the much smaller eyespots, and in the submarginal 
stripe of the forewing being removed farther towards the margin, as well as in the very feebly marked stripe 
of the hindwing. From frithii it differs in the quite obsolete discal chains of crescents on both wings. 
pasieuri. A. pasteuri Bouv. is distinguished from gephyra by the more deeply gnawed margin of the forewing, 
the brownish-black, much less undulate median stripe, the red discal transverse stripe being outside scaled 
rosy, and the entire absence of transverse bands beneath, safe for the median stripe. Antennae brown. Expanse 
of wings: 111 mm. Java. 
raff ray i. A. raffrayi Bouv. resembles gephyra and jana, but the colouring is rather monotonoulsy brownish- 
yellow, and the eyespots are dull and blind with greyish-brown rings almost of the ground-colour. Transverse 
stripes feeble, the exterior stripe of the fore wing as far as the posterior radial straight, whereupon it bends 
downward. In the distal portion of the hindwing a double chain of crescents, almost parallel to the margin; 
the distal margin of the forewing is oblique. Under surface hardly with any marking, only the median stripe 
being present, the ocelli hardly recognizable. Expanse of wings: 126 mm. From Java. 
jana. A. jana Stoll. On the forewing, beside the red line defining the marginal area, only a median faint 
nebulous stripe is distinct, traversing the eyespot. The $ shows a very characteristic marking: the forewing 
shows a cinnamon-brown basal portion and a pale yellow costal portion occupying almost the whole costal 
jusca. third or even more. Java. fusca Rothsch., from Kuching, represents the species in Borneo. $ dark brown, 
darker than the jana-QQ from Java or the following Burmah-form. The discal nebulous line is almost entirely 
confluent with the median nebulous stripe; it is expanded to larger spots which are separated from the median 
shadow only by feebly lighter patches. The line distad to this undulate line is distinctly marked and straight, 
only its upper half somewhat irregular. On the hindwing these two lines are distinct, the ocelli large, that of 
the forewing with a large vitreous spot, that of the hindwing with a small one. Beneath the median band is 
narrow, the postdiscal rows of spots are distinct on both wings. — jana is also represented on the continent; 
specimens from Burmah are said to exhibit broader forewings than the insular forms; the discal notched line 
is very distinct and separated from the median nebulous band. The yellow eyespot-lines are quite indistinct. 
Apex and distal margin of hindwing much rounder than in the other forms. Beneath the white line of the 
eyespot is distinct, the antemedian line sharply marked, particularly on the hindwing. This continental form 
piatessa. is platessa Rothsch. 
andamana. A. andamana Mr. The $ shows the colouring of roylei (55 B a). On the forewing the dark postmedian 
line is particularly prominent; the submarginal line is dark, before it an undulate line. Hind wing with 3 undulate 
lines; one at the ocellus, the two others being postmedian. Under surface greyish-brown, the inner bands 
brown, the outer ones composed of large triangular spots. Andamans. 
