512 
ANTHERAEA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
imperator. A. imperator Wts. is similar to helferi (53 d) but larger, the eyespot of the forewing without the vitreous 
spot, with an inner brighter reddish-yellow and outer yellow ring, the distal margin in both wings brown, the 
submarginal double line nearer to the margin; that of the hindwing more deeply arched. In the $ the submarginal 
stripe is very broad white. From Java; a smaller specimen from Borneo. 
brunnea. A. brumiea v. Eecke, from the Padang Bovenlands in Sumatra, shows the approximate shape of mylitta 
(53 a), but the eyespot of the forewing (in the $, only this being known) is much smaller and with a dull border;, 
the eyespot of the hindwing is smaller, too, the proximal third filled with blackish. Near to imperator Wts. 
from Java, but the total colouring is dark reddish-brown with a brownish orange. The eyespot of the forewing 
is more dark orange-brown, and the hyaline median streak is not broad. Under surface more grey. Only the 
type is known; in the Museum of Leiden. 
frithii. A. frithii Mr. (53 b). Habitus similar to helferi (53 d), but easily discernible by the 3 strongly undulating 
nebulous chains of crescentiform spots extending through both the wings. Moreover, instead of the costal 
brightening before the apex of the forewing of helferi there is here a distinct, honey-coloured spot, and also 
the transverse stripe before the eyespot of the hindwing is distinct here, whereas in helferi there are but rarely 
traces of it. The eyespots are similar as in paphia, rather regular and with large vitreous spots. Himalayan 
insular is. countries. — insularis Wts. represents this unmistakable species in the Andamans. This form differs from 
typical frithii (53 b) from Assam in its bright orange-red colouring; on the forewing the stripe extending from 
before the apex from the marginal area towards the inner margin is thick brown, towards the costa very broad, 
whereas the other crescent-lines through the disc are much feebler. The slight concavity exhibited in the centre 
javanensis. of the eyespot of the hindwing in typical frithii is entirely absent in insularis. —- javanensis Bouv. shows a 
larger vitreous spot in the ocellus of the forewing, the median shadowy stripe is quite absent or hardly recogni¬ 
zable, the outer transverse stripe is more oblique; from Java. — Many authors refer the name fraterna, which 
Hampson combines as a synonym with paphia L., to frithii. 
billitonensis. A. billitonensis Mr. Upper surface pale rosy rust-coloured, at the margin suffused with grey, with 
oval ocelli being finely surrounded with dark, without a central vitreous spot, outside with a narrow yellow 
line and a central transverse line. In the fore wing there are bright reddish-yellow patches in and below the 
cell; apex yellowish. Through the disc extends a narrow light rusty yellow oblique band composed of small 
crescents, inside bordered by a dark undulate stripe; a blackish nebulous stripe traverses the centre of the 
cell, and another one from its base to the inner margin. Hindwing at the base of a brighter reddish-yellow; 
right through the disc a pale yellow, dark-edged, curved stripe. Most similar to frithii (53 b). Billiton. 
larissa. A. larissa Ww. rejiresents frithii in Java; it is of a brighter colouring, but by far not so variegated as 
on Westwood’s figure (Cabin. Orient. Ent. pi. 24). The 3 rows of crescents traversing both the wings are very 
distinct, but the wings are more pointed, their margins not so straight, but in the q a little more undulate, 
the yellow anteapical spot in the fore wing more reduced. According to Semper, there occur specimens in the 
Philippines, quite similar to the Javanese. 
ridleyi. A. ridleyi Mr. is allied to larissa-, above the interior area is dark ochreous, clouded in reddish ochreous; 
distal margin broad violettish-brown. Eyespot in both wings large, round, with a large light centre, inside with 
a purple border traversed by white, outside bordered with olive brown, the ring-line being black. Through the' 
disc of the forewing 2 reddish-tinted curved stripes, the interior one being broader and touching the ocellus. 
A broader band through the centre, and 2 angular ones near the base. North Borneo. — From larissa it differs 
in the darker colouring in the 9, broader transverse stripes, and larger ocelli. 
prelarissa. A. prelarissa Bouv. is quite similar to frithii (53 b) though somewhat larger, the central eyespots of 
both wings are smaller, the median stripe is intense and dark, the other nebulous chains of crescents somewhat 
feebler, particularly on the hindwing, and here somehat closer together. The inner transverse stripe of the 
forewing is proximad bordered with a somewhat brighter white. From larissa it likewise differs in the duller 
chains of crescents and in the apex of the forewing being less falcate and the extreme apex not being truncate; 
besides the total colouring is dark red-brown.* From Java, at altitudes of 3—6000 ft. 
larissoides. A. larissoides Bouv. differs from frithii (53 b) in the exterior transverse stripe being also in the hindwing 
divided into distinct incoherent crescents; from prelarissa it is distinguished by very vitreous ocelli. The $ is 
pale yellow, entirely darkened by a dingy brown, especially at the margins, the ocelli of the forewings being 
transversely oval. Tonkin. 
surakarta. A. surakarta Mr. Above ochreous brown with a rosy tint. Costal stripe of forewing dusted with white, 
before the apex of the forewing a broad brown spot. Subbasal nebulous stripe narrow, excurved; a similar- 
stripe through the cell, incurved; a similar discal stripe begins below the apex and is in front composed of small 
crescents, behind undulate; behind them a grey almost straight line bordered with pink. Ocellus small, obtusely 
oval, outside surrounded by black; the light centre is narrow. Hindwing with an indistinct, angular subbasal 
nebulous line turning around at the costal margin and running back curved through the disc; behind the latter 
line another, exterior discal line extends being mostly bordered with pink. In the ocellus the light centre is 
tiny. $ much larger, ground-colour ochreous. Java. 
