CALIGULA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
515 
1. Group. 
The species form a connection with the very closely allied A u l h e r a e a. 
C. eucalypti Scott (55 A a). The oblique line of the forewing begins directly in the apex and extends eucalypti. 
quite straightly behind the centre of the inner margin, after having touched the ocellus. The postmedian line 
of the hindwing is neither undulate nor dentate and extends in a uniform curve around the broadly black- 
edged ocellus and terminates above the anal angle. — Larva green with a yellow lateral stripe and a large dark 
spot on the sides of the anal joint. Out of the dorsal cones threads may be turned out. Originally it probably 
fed exclusively on Eucalyptus, but after other plants that are not allied with Eucalyptus had been introduced, 
it got accustomed to them, for instance to Schinus niolle (pepper-shrub). Like many other species of Caligula, 
eucalyptus also shows rosy red and yellowish-grey specimens of which we figure the males. No local form can 
be founded upon such coloristic aberrations, nevertheless they were denominated. Eastern Australia and 
Tasmania. 
C. Helena White (S = banksi Leech) (56 A c, d) is at once discernible by the much broader wings and helena. 
by the $ likewise lacking the white triangular spot before the dark transverse spot at the cell-end. Otherwise 
most variable; the black edge of the ocellus on the hindwing is very broad and thick, but sometimes also hardly 
broader than on the forewing. The antemedian transverse stripe is mostly very feebly continued on the 
hindwing, and it is entirely absent in the form: carnea South. (52 c). In the latter form it has sometimes also camea. 
disappeared altogether on the fore wing, and the exterior arcuate stripe of the hindwing is but feebly marked, 
too; the ground-colour shows a slight reddish tint, and the eyespots are entirely filled with purple pink, whereas 
in typical helena with orange, helena proceeds far to the south of Australia, as far as Tasmania, and is also found 
in Western Australia (Perth); South-Australian specimens even seem to be mostly larger than those from 
Queensland. Between these two forms there also occur transitions, such as intermedia Luc. from Victoria, intermedia. 
This form is still extremely similar to eucalypti occurring more to the north (from Sydney to Cooktown), but the 
collar, which is of a dingy grey in eucalypti, is of a snow-white gloss in intermedia , and the evespot of the 
forewing is more remote from the exterior transverse band, whereas in eucalypti -<$ it touches it. Larva not so 
variegated as that of eucalypti and the cocoon is more silky, softer, more lustrous. Gippsland. For this species 
and those closely allied to it the name Austrocaligula Pack. & Cock, was proposed. 
C. loranthi Luc. is a large species. Expanse: <$ 12—14 cm, $ almost to 16 cm. Body and wings from loranthi. 
golden yellow to reddish orange. Ocellus of forewing round, of middle size, dark red, in front at first broadly 
bordered with white, then again dark red; behind narrowly edged with white and then with black, with a 
narrow hyaline or very scantily scaled central streak. Along the costa of the forewing, above the collar a dark 
brown stripe ending at 5 / 6 of the length of the forewing before the apex; before the apex a blackish subcostal 
spot surrounded by white; from this spot a broad brownish line extends to the inner margin which it touches 
behind the second third. Hindwing: ocellus as on fore wing; before the distal area a dull-marked, dark stripe 
parallel to the margin. — Larva gregarious on Loranthus, mostly on those high up on Eucalyptus trees; they 
pupate in lumps. Queensland, to the south as far as Brisbane. engaea Trnr., from Jandowae and Charleville engciea. 
(Queensland) is much smaller, paler, more pale ochreous, the wings more scantily scaled; thorax in front not 
brown; on the fore wing a broad nebulous band extends from before the apex to the centre of the margin, where 
it widens; on the hindwing a similar band passes directly behind the central ocellus. It is probably only a form 
of lotanthi the larva of which also lives on Loranthus; it is mentioned, however, that the larvae of engaea do 
rot pupate in lumps, but solitarily. 
II. Group. 
The species of this group form the transition to the Sat u r n i a. 
C. zuleika Hope (56 A b A. 55 A b $) slightly resembles bieti Oberth. figured in Vol. II (pi. 32 a), but it zuleika. 
is much larger, more variegated and at once discernible by the crescentiform eyespots. The $ is of a much 
deeper and darker colour, but hardly ever as dark on Maassen <£• Weymer’s figure (55 A b). Moreover, the 
specimens from different districts vary a great deal; for instance, specimens from the Naga Hills are said to 
have more roundish -ocelli, whilst those from Sikkim have longer, narrower and straighter eyespots (= orites orites. 
■Jord.). - Typical zuleika come from Silhet and the Kha-sia Hills in Assam. 
C. thibeta Ww. (Vol. II, pi. 34 a) is of a much duller and more monotonous colour than zuleika and lias thibeta. 
oval, not crescentiform ocelli. A brown band before the margin is separated by a double dentate line from an 
ochreous basal portion on all the wings. - From typical thibetia which in the North-Western Himalaya proceeds 
but little on to the Indo-Australian Region, the Indian form extensa Btlr., from Sikkim and Assam, differs cxtensa- 
in its more pointed wings and greyer under surface. 
