538 
MARUMBA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
chinensis. or yellowish to greyish. — chinensis R. 6a J. is the palaearctic form from North China; it differs more in the 
structure of the genital organ than in the colouring; at most in the dark colouring of the body and the base 
costal is. of the wing being replaced here by an ash-grey tint. costalis Mell is more tan-coloured.or wood-brown; from 
philippi- Kwang-tung. —- philippinensis R. 6b J. is almost as grey as the following species. Margin of forewing not lobate, 
nensis. j n the centre convex, below the apex and above the anal angle concave. Middle and hind tibiae and tarsi above 
white. Larva young with a horn on the head, which may be almost as long as the anal horn. Head of adult 
larva above pointed, intensely and coarsely granulated, often variegated, quite rosy red or with rosy red dorsal 
streaks with green spots between them. On Boragineae, Ehretia, or Cordia myxa. On being disturbed it rolls 
its anterior part downward. 
draconis. P. draconis R. 6' J. is quite similar to the preceding species (Vol. II, pi. 37 c), but greyer, the wings 
more dentate, the fore wing with a more pointed apex, the two exterior lines not intensely yet distinctly marked, 
not angular. ,,Thibet“; but the authors did not state whether in the palaearctic part; still we presume that 
the species comes from the southern parts of West China and thus occurs on the frontier of the two faunal regions. 
denialus. P. dentatus Cr. (= timesius Stoll, modesta F denticulatus Hears.) (66 a) differs from the preceding 
species in the longer hindwing and in the 3 transverse lines of the forewing extending straight and almost 
parallel to each other. - Larva quite light blue-green, across the dorsum yellow, like the horn. Stigmata large, 
black; sometimes there are rusty spots; on Ehretia acuminata and Cordia sebistena. Pupa lustrous red-brown. 
The imagines take up a resting position similar to that of Amorpha populi. The genus being rather rare is 
distributed from China to the south through India to Ceylon and to Karachi in the west. 
23. Genus: Manaiiilu! Mr. 
About half of the 16 species of this genus (cf. Vol. II, p. 240) have been met with in the palaearctic 
region, the rest being purely Indian. One European species ( quercus) is geographically isolated. 
M. gaschkewitschi Brem. 6a Gray which has been treated upon in Vol. II, p. 241 and also figured there 
complacens . in 2 forms (pi. 37 d, e) probably does not occur typically in the Indian region, but a darker form of it: complacens 
Wkr. was discovered yet in South China (Kwang-tung). — irata J. 6a T. may be appended as a palaearctic 
form of complacens ; it chiefly differs from the latter as well as from the forms figured in Vol. II, pi. 37 d, in 
the transverse lines of the distal half of the forewing not being parallel and disappearing towards the inner 
margin, but all of them extending towards the posterior angle, where they terminate. — Larva green, with 
white lateral oblique stripes, the head being pointed above, and with a blue horn, thus very much like the larva 
of ocellata. On Rosaceae, particularly Prunus persica. The young larvae on being disturbed only hold fast with 
the last pair of ventral feet and the claspers; the imagines come to the light (also the $$) and are common in 
most of the districts of their range. The various forms are distributed over large parts of China and Japan, 
but not any form seems to penetrate into India proper. 
cristata. M. cristata Btlr. (= dyras Hmps. nec Wfcr.) (Vol. II, pi. 42 e). Dark brown; fore wing more umber- 
brown, hindwing more of a chestnut tint. Forewing with 3 dark transverse lines which are convergent towards 
the inner margin, and with a feeble light punctiform spot in the disc. Larva very much like that of a European 
M. quercus, dark green with a straight thin horn and yellowish oblique streaks, but so finely granulated that 
it almost looks smooth; on various Lauraceae (Litsea elongata, Machitus ichangensis, Phoebe blepharopus). 
West and Central China and Sikkim. From the (typical) Sikkim-specimens the South-C'hinese differ a little, 
for instance in the course of the lines; besides the spring-generation with a paler ground-colour exhibits the 
inner-marginal area powdered with metallic lilac, the hindwing beneath being cinnamon-brown; this form 
ochrca. is ochrea AI ell. The summer-form jodeides Mell, however, shows the whole upper surface more intensely 
j ode-ides, suffused with metallic, the lines are more distinct, mostly also broader, the hindwing beneath being of a rosy-red 
tint. 
spectabilis. M. spectabilis Btlr. (66 a). This species initiates a group of very similar Sphinges which show dark 
spots in the anal region on both wings, mostly in lighter surroundings. In spectabilis the forewing shows bright- 
darker and lighter bands, the anal spots in the forewing surrounded by ring-like lines. Described from Sikkim, 
but later on also ascertained from Sumatra. These Sunda-specimens differ in the more pointed apex of the 
hindwing from North-In dian specimens, and on the fore wing beneath the orange apical spot is only feebly 
malayana. indicated (= nialayana R.6aJ.). — To the north the species was found yet in Kwang-tung, the form being 
chinensis. lighter with an ochreous tan-coloured ground-colour: (= chinensis Mell). — Larva on Meliosma rigida, green, 
strongly granulated, the collar being red-brown, edged with yellow; the oblique lateral stripes, and in the young 
larva the horn are red, too. The lepidoptera are rather rare, so that we may assume that they have not yet 
been discovered in many districts where they occur. 
dyras. M. dyras Wkr. (= ceylanica Btlr., silhetensis Btlr., oriens Btlr., massurensis Btlr., fuscescens Btlr., 
sinensis Ky.) (Vol. II, pi. 42 e as dryas). This is undoubtedly that Ala,rumba a western descendant of which 
