CELERIO; PERGESA; HIPPOTION. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
563 
the dusk, may be seen on blossoms in the daytime and even in the burning sunshine, compelled by hunger. Single rather 
immune species living on strong poisons may sometimes breed in masses, and as Celerio euphorbia did in Algeria in 1904, the 
larvae may unite for migrations, in order to seek new feeding-places. Other species again have remained very rare up to this day. 
64. Genus: Celerio Oken. 
The 14 species forming this genus are distributed over the tropical and temperate countries of the whole 
world, and particularly well represented in the palaearctic region, for which reason the genus was minutely 
described in Vol. II, p. 254. 
C. calida Btlr. (67 a) on the whole shows the same marking as the common European species ( euphorbiae calida. 
etc.) do, but the otherwise variegated colouring is subdued by a greyish-brown cover in all shades. Sandwich 
Is. — Another similar form has been found in the Sandwich Is.: hawaiensis Rothsch. hawaiensis. 
C. wilsoni Rothsch. (= pyrias Meyr.) (67 a). As large as calida or somewhat larger; the dark cover of wilsoni. 
the wings is still more intense on the forewing than in calida-, body marked as in calida. Sandwich Is. 
C. euphorbiae L. Of all the numerous forms of this species only nervosa R. 6c J . (Vol. II, p. 254) has nervosa. 
hitherto been ascertained in the Indian region (Simla, Cashmir). 
C. gallii Rott. (Vol. II, pi. 41 d). Larvae of this species were found in West Yunnan. gallii. 
C. nicaea Prunn. Of this species the small form lathyrus Wkr. (Vol. II, pi. 41 d) is at home in North- lathyrus. 
West India (Kumaon-Himalaya). 
C. lineata F . The typical form is confined to America. In the Indo-Australian region, however, the 
form livomica Esp. (= koechlini Fuessly) (Vol. II, p. 257, pi. 41 e) occurs, which is dispersed across the southern livornica. 
part of the palaearctic region and is even rather common in many of its Indian habitats. livornicoides Luc. livornicoi- 
(56 C d) is a stunted form of scarcely more than half its size; from Australia, where it is sometimes very common 
in the unvegetated central and western districts; much rarer in the damper east. Beside the small size and 
paler colouring it differs but little from the European form. 
65. Genus: Pergesa Wkr. 
This genus comprises to-day the palaearctic species elpenor L. and porcellus L. which many authors had 
assigned to various genera, which was a mistake already owing to the resemblance of the larvae of the two 
species. The genus is quite palaearctic except one species which has Indian forms. Cf. Vol. II, p. 257. 
C. elpenor L. The Indian form is macromera Btlr. (67 a) chiefly differs from European elpenor macromcra. 
in the increased black of the hindwing, which extends farther down especially at the inner margin. Moreover, 
the great material shows that this black basal area is neither quite constant in Europeans. Even in the Indian 
region there occur, according to Mell, transitions to typical elpenor resp. to its Eastern-Asiatic form lewisi 
(Vol. II, pi. 42 a). — Larva in South China found on Balsamineae, green or greyish-brown as in Europe; the 
green form, however, is not so monotonously sap-green as most of the European larvae, but it shows a distinct 
brown subdorsal stripe extending along the whole insect. 
P. rivularis Bsd. ( = fraterna Btlr.) (Vol. II, pi. 42 a) is chiefly at home in the palaearctic (cooler) rivularis. 
districts of Cashmir, but to the south it penetrates to Karachi, thus to the Indo-Australian region. As to its 
distinction from the forms of elpenor cf. Vol. II, p. 257. 
66. Genus: Hippotion Hbn. 
About 30 forms, the exterior of which is on the whole rather similar to that of the cosmopolitan H. 
celerio, form this genus. From the Pergesa they are distinguished by the smoother scaling of the body and 
particularly of the palpi, owing to which the insect looks particularly graceful. The abdomen is mostly extra¬ 
ordinarily pointed and frequently decorated with silvery longitudinal stripes. For further particulars we refer 
to Vol. II, p. 258, and Vol. XIV, p. 380, where 26 African forms have been described. 
H. velox F. (= vigil Guer., lignaria Wkr., phoenix H.-Schaff., swinhoei Mr., yorkii Bsd., rosea Rothsch., velox. 
lifuensis Rothsch., griseola Rothsch., pseuclovigil Rothsch.) (67 b). This very widely distributed lepidopteron 
