TARSOLEPIS. By M. Gaede. 
607 
are very unequally developed and may, for the sake of adaptation, be abnormously prolonged, as in Pterostoma, 
where they help to copy a chip of wood. The median tibiae mostly have 1, the hind tibiae 2 pairs of spurs. In 
the forewing the submedian vein is forked at the base, vein 5 proceeds from the centre of the cross-vein; in 
the hindwing 5 is rarely absent, it almost invariably proceeds from the centre of the cross-vein, and vein 8 
is frequently near the upper cell-wall which it often touches; sometimes the costal vein of the hindwing is 
connected with the anterior cell-wall by a short bar. 
The Notodontidae are not characterized by a special marking. A dark spot in the anal angle of the 
otherwise light-coloured hindwing is rather inconspicuous in the Indo-Australian fauna, and preferably only 
in those genera having their main range in the palaearctic region. It is situated on the small piece of the 
hindwing, which, in the resting insect, is not covered by the forewing adapted to the surroundings and would 
therefore shine forth white. Pydna, Norraca, Anticyra, Niganda, and Turnaca exhibit an unmistakable cane- 
colour, for which reason the larvae presumably live on Monocotyledons, which is said to have been ascertained 
of the unicoloured green, black-headed larva of Dinara combusta Wkr. ; it may be that Antheua also belong yet 
to this division. Otherwise the Notodontidae-l&rvabe seem chiefly to live on trees or high shrubs in the whole 
world, so that they are usually seen only when they rest on young wood-plants. That is the reason why our 
knowledge of the Indo-Australian larvae is very insufficient in spite of their frequent occurrence; it is a 
remarkable fact that, as we have mentioned elsewhere, the Australian Danima banksiae is yielded from a 
larva which every unexperienced collector would take to be a Sphingid for its shape, the lateral row of eye- 
spots and the well developed tail-horn; transitions to the Sphingid horn are also found in other faunae *). 
In some (especially American) Notodontidae (Heterocampa and others) K. Jordan found on the 4th 
abdominal ring of the imago on the sides a movable valve situate above a convexity in the interior of which 
there is presumably a gland. This often corresponds to pads of erect wing-scales on the hindwing beneath, but 
also to a certain hairy cover composed of modified bristles on the tibiae, so that this organ was assumed to serve 
for producing a scent. 
1. Genus: Tarsolepfs Btlr. 
Antennae of different. Palpi short. Abdomen long, at the end with spoon-shaped hairs. Femora 
with a strong hair-pencil. Forewing at the distal margin somewhat notched. Veins 3 and 4 almost from the 
same place, 6 from the upper cell-angle, 7 and 10 + 8 + 9 from the apex of the accessory cell. In the hindwing 
veins 6 + 7 on a short stalk, 8 connected with the cell by a bar. Type: sommeri Hbn. 
I. Antennae of plain. In the forewing vein 10 not stalked with 8 + 9. 
T. fulgurifera Wlk. (79 a). Thorax and forewing dark red-brown, costal margin broad lighter, with fulgurifera. 
some light radical lines and before the margin light and dark lines. Hindwing and abdomen blackish. 
85—105 mm. North India. 
II. Antennae of £ on % of their length well pectinated. 
T. sommeri Hbn. (= remicaudi Btlr.). Forewing dark violettish brown, costal margin yellow wood- sommeri. 
colour, behind and below the cell with one triangular silvery spot each. Hindwing dark brown. 80—85 mm. 
North India. In Vol. II, pi. 48 g a specimen is figured as sommeri, representing the form japonica Wil. which 
was separated since 1917. In typical sommeri the interior side of the lower silvery spot is elongate and 
rectilinear. — In dinawensis B.-Bak. the hair-tufts on the femora are ochreous, not red. New Guinea. — rufo- dinawensis. 
bnmnea Rothsch. only differs from sommeri in the shorter combed antennae. 80—100 mm. Assam, Travancore. ru f° brun - 
T. javana Swh. (= sommeri Smpr .) (79 a) is smaller, the hindwing lighter. It may also be merely the javana. 
winter generation of sommeri. 60—70 mm. Java, Philippines. —The larva is 5 cm long, dorsally black, laterally 
yellow with red dots, below them black spots edged with white. The blackish-brown pupa without a web in 
the soil. 
III. Antenna of $ very strongly pectinated, the bare apex shorter. 
T. taiwana Wil. (79 a). The light costal margin extends to the anterior silvery spot. The posterior taiwana. 
spot is connected with a small one above vein 2, and besides there is at the inner margin another narrow spot, 
though these two accessory spots may also be absent. 60—65 mm. Formosa. 
T. Kochi Smpr. (79 b). Forewing dark violet-brown. Costal margin narrow, distal margin broader kochi. 
light with 2 small silvery spots which are still smaller in the figured B from Tonkin than in the type, q 75 mm. 
Philippines, Tonkin. 
*) The protuberance on the anal segment of the European Pheosia tremula already represents a slight beginning 
of the Sphingid horn, which is distinctly developed in Ph. dictaeoides, whilst in the allied American Ph. dimidiata it represents 
a well developed horn showing its greatest length in the 3rd moult and being also distinctly present in the grown insect. 
