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EARLY EUROPEAN RESEARCHES 
The fruit Pallas saw was probably that of Elaeagnus hortensis M. B. 
var. songarica or the var. orientalis , (D. C. XIV. 609.) The Kirghizes call 
the Elaeagnus fruit dshigde, the Chinese m sha tsao. (Sand Jujube, 
name applied in Peking to E. latifolia. L.) 
Smoke dried red Plums , shuptaga , with roundish stones. 
S hup tag a is the Mongol name for Jujubes. Zizyphus chinensis. Lam. 
has small fruits with roundish stones. The Chinese use to dry them. 
Black sweetish fruit with many flat seeds, called hodsoi. 
Probably Diospyros Lotus. L. Sin: |f| hei tsao.) 
Pallas states that the same fruit is brought to Ki'akhta from 
Persia, and called sorohum. 
Pallas describes also the fruit lun yen (Neplielium Longan). 
He saw further some leguminous fruit, each containing two 
seeds, resembling in taste those of the tree Arabis cnras- 
savica (?) 
Probably Arachis hypogaea. L. 
White nuts with a smooth shell like the stone of the Apricot 
and of a bitter taste. They call them lanziu or boigo. 
Salishuria adiantifolia. Smith. 6* pai kuo in Peking. 
Long dried flowers, called tclietcheng , brought from the 
South. The Chinese boil and eat them. 
Hemerocallis fulva. L. and other species. Sin: kin cheng hua. 
The flowers are a favorite vegetable of the Chinese. In Mongol shir a 
tsitsik. 
Long articulated spongious roots of a water plant. This 
was I think the root of Nelumbium speciosum Willd. from 
which the Chinese prepare a kind of Arrow root. 
V. SONNERAT. 
About a quarter of a century after Osbeck had herborized 
in the neighborhood of Canton, China was visited by a French 
naturalist, who gathered some plants at the same place it 
seems. F. SONNERAT was born in 1745 and spent a 
great part of his life, from 1768-1803, in travelling to different 
distant countries of the old and the new world. In 1768 he 
went to Isle de France, visited with Commerson Madagascar 
and Bourbon. From 1774 to 1781 he travelled to China and 
India, and settled finally at Pondicherry. In 1803 he returned 
to France with an immense collection. He died in 1814. 
Lamarck in his Enc. Botan. has described a great number of 
Sonnerat’s specimens. 
There is a work entitled: Voyage aux Indes Orientates et d la 
Chine 1774-1781 par M. Sonnerat, Commissaire de la marine, 
naturaliste du Bqy. 1782. 2 vol. 
