6 4 
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA 
mapping beyond visiting the western shore and making a rough outline of the 
northern portion of the lake. Prior to Burton’s journey, a young Frenchman 
started from Zanzibar for the same purpose, but had been murdered on the way 
to Tanganyika, and after Burton’s expedition a German doctor, named Ernst 
Roscher, had set out for Lake Nyasa in the disguise of an Arab. He reached 
the eastern shore of the lake at a place called Lusewa, on the 19th November, 
1859, two months after Livingstone’s discovery. On his attempted return to 
the coast, however, he was murdered by the Yao, a murder which was to some 
extent avenged by the Sultan of Zanzibar, who brought influence to beat- 
on the Yao chiefs to send the ostensible murderers to Zanzibar to be executed. 
Another German traveller of some celebrity, Baron von der Decken, who was 
the first systematic explorer of Kilimanjaro, had attempted to reach Lake 
Nyasa, but scarcely got half way. 
Meantime Livingstone, after a year’s sojourn in England, had managed to 
scrape together funds for another Central Africa exploration. He was very 
desirous of resuming his journeys in search of other lakes to the west of Lake 
Nyasa. Travelling by Bombay and Zanzibar he landed at Mikindani at the 
end of March, 1866. He was, I believe, the first explorer to attempt taking 
with him natives of India as guards or soldiers; but it must be confessed that 
although the employment of Indians in Central Africa has since proved very 
successful, the Muhammadan Sepoys who accompanied Livingstone turned out 
utter failures, and were eventually sent back from Mataka’s, a town in the Yao 
country. Livingstone also tried to introduce the Indian buffalo, an experiment 
not repeated until my reintroduction of this animal from India in 1895. It 
is interesting to note that Livingstone’s buffalos passed through the tsetse fly 
country, and, seemingly, were not affected by the bites of that insect, though 
they all subsequently died as the result of maltreatment at the hands of the 
Sepoys. 
Livingstone again reached the shores of Lake Nyasa, at its south-eastern gulf, 
on the 8th of August, 1866; but being unable to cross without a dau he walked 
right round the southern end, and thence turned his steps northwards. At 
Marenga’s town, near the south-west corner of Lake Nyasa, there were rumours 
of Angoni-Zulu raids, which greatly scared the coast-men of Livingstone's 
caravan, who consequently abandoned him here; and to excuse themselves 
at Zanzibar for their act of bad faith, they reported, with much corroborative 
detail, the death of Livingstone at the hands of the Angoni. 
Livingstone, after the desertion of these coast-men (who were natives of 
the Comoro Islands) pursued his way northwards, and reached the great 
Luangwa river in December, 1866; on the 28th of January, 1867, he crossed 
the Chambezi river, which issues from the Bangweolo marshes, under the name 
of the Luapula, and is in reality the extreme Upper Congo. On the 1st of 
April he reached the south end of Lake Tanganyika, and for the time being, 
believed it to be a separate lake under the name of Liemba ; on the 8th of 
November, 1867, he discovered Lake Mweru ; on the 18th of July, 1868, Lake 
Bangweolo. Returning from Bangweolo, he journeyed with an Arab caravan 
from Kazembe’s town near the south end of Lake Mweru, to the west shore 
of Tanganyika, which he crossed to Ujiji, reaching that place in March, 1869. 
After attempting in vain to organize a caravan for a journey round the north 
end of Lake Tanganyika he recrossed the lake to the opposite side in July, 
and having joined a large party of Arabs and Swahilis, he wandered with them 
in the Manyema country for many months. His object was the Lualaba river 
