FOUNDING THE PROTECTORATE 
1 35 
of the population which of late years had placed themselves under the British. 
Mponda, like most of the other chiefs in the southern part of the Protectorate, 
was of Yao origin, and the bulk of his subjects were A-nyanja. 
Major Edwards now advanced against Makanjira who of late had renewed 
his raids into British territory and had 
founded a new capital in the hills, just 
over the British side of the border, and 
about ten miles from the south-east coast 
of Lake Nyasa. This town was taken 
and destroyed by Lieut. Coape-Smith. 
Makanjira’s forces were completely routed 
and fled in disorder into Portuguese 
territory. 
On my return to Lort Johnston from 
Zarafi’s I received letters from Karonga 
at the north end of Lake Nyasa and from 
Mr. Crawshay, the Vice-Consul at Deep 
Bay, informing me that the situation at 
the north end of the lake was serious, as 
. Mlozi and the Arabs were now raiding in 
all directions for slaves, and openly an¬ 
nounced their intention of fighting the 
British as soon as the rainy season began. 
Mlozi had captured and severely flogged 
a lay missionary named Stevens ; he had 
even threatened the Lree Church Mission 
station near Life on the Nyasa-Tanganyika 
plateau, and Dr. Cross, a medical mission¬ 
ary, had been obliged to proceed to that 
place to bring away the wife of the 
missionary through German territory. 
Mlozi had amongst other things 
attacked the populous villages of the 
Awa-wandia, and besides slaughtering 
many of the men had carried off women 
and children to his stronghold. He had 
concluded an alliance with the powerful 
Awemba tribe to the west, and it was 
obvious that unless we moved first he 
would soon be attacking Karonga with 
an overwhelming force. I may state here 
parenthetically that since my return from 
England I had in July, 1895, made a 
special journey to the north end of Lake 
Nyasa to see Mlozi and persuade him to 
keep the peace according to the original 
treaty concluded by him in 1889; but on 
arriving at Karonga Mlozi had flatly refused to see me, and had even written 
me a very threatening letter, in the course of which he remarked, “ The 
British have closed my route to the coast: very well, I will close their road 
to Tanganyika.” 
AN ATONGA SOLDIER 
