FOUNDING THE PROTECTORATE 
originally came from the country of Itawa on the south-west coast of 
Tanganyika. In Livingstone’s day they do not appear to have been a 
particularly warlike or aggressive race ; but soon after they came under Arab 
influence and were supplied by the Arabs with guns and gunpowder, and 
thenceforth took to slave raiding with extraordinary zest. For several years 
past they had harried not only the Nyasa-Tanganyika plateau at the south 
end of Tanganyika, but even the territory that has recently come under 
German influence ; and of late they had been taken up by Mlozi as his special 
allies, and were introduced by him into the North Nyasa district from which 
their stragglers have been expelled since the conclusion of the Arab war. xA.s 
a people, however, they are by no means indisposed to come to terms with 
us if they see that we are a strong power. 
A strong fort was built in the spring and summer of this year by Lieut. 
1 After Sir Clement Hill, the head of the African Department at the Foreign Office. 
THE STOCKADE, FORT HILL 
chiefs of alien origin who ruled over them and were in conflict with the 
British. The bulk of the inhabitants in Central Angoniland are neither Angoni 
nor Yao but Achewa and A-chipeta, branches of the A-nyanja stock. 
At the north end of Lake Nyasa a new Administration station was built 
by Mr. G. A. Taylor the collector, near Karonga, and a strong fort, called Fort 
Hill, 1 was erected near the British South Africa Company’s boundary by 
Mr. Yule, for the purpose of guarding the Nyasa-Tanganyika road from the 
raids of the Awemba. 
The Awemba are a warlike race inhabiting the regions of the Nyasa- 
Tanganyika plateau which are watered by the River Chambezi. They 
IO 
