NATIVES OF BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA 391 
and Ba-lala, and which occupies the country on the banks of the River Kafue 
and between the Luapula and the Luangwa, and to which are related the 
Ba-nyai and Ba-toka on the south bank of the Central Zambezi. 
8. Along the course of the Zambezi from Zumbo to its mouth are a people, 
more or less attached to the Portuguese, of very mixed origin, the A-chikunda, 
who speak a mongrel dialect chiefly based on the Nyanja stock. The 
A-chikunda have no homogeneity but are compounded of the old slaves of the 
Portuguese brought from many different parts of Eastern and Central Africa, 
who are more or less loyal subjects of the Portuguese and who have developed 
this lingua franca , the Chikunda, 
into which a large number of the 
Portuguese words are introduced. 
9. The A-lolo and Makua group. 
This section only enters into a 
very small portion of the territory 
of the British Protectorate in the 
Mlanje district. Elsewhere it ex¬ 
tends right across to the east coast 
of Africa in the province of Mocam- 
bique and along the Mozambique 
coast southwards to Quelimane, 
where a kindred language is 
spoken : and lastly, 
10. The Yao peoples, the “ Wa- 
yao.” 1 The Yao are not present 
in British Central Africa as indi¬ 
genous inhabitants but rather as 
invaders whose coming was not 
earlier than the middle of this 
century. At the present time they 
are settled in more or less numerous 
proportion among the indigenous 
Anyanja in the east part of the 
Shire province, on the south-east 
coast of Lake Nyasa and at one 
or two places on the south-west 
shores of the lake. Elsewhere they 
extend as a native people along 
the banks of the Lujenda and Ruvuma rivers, and also inhabit the high 
plateaux between those streams, and march with the Makua on the south-east 
and the Magwangwara' 2 on the north-west. 
In addition to the foregoing list of tribes which are really native to British 
Central Africa, may be cited the Angoni and the Makololo, who are in reality 
not races but simply a ruling caste dwelling in the midst of British Central 
African tribes whom their ancestors subdued. The Angoni, and the Magwang¬ 
wara on the north-east of Nyasa, are relics of former Zulu invasions of the 
1 The Yao pronunciation of their tribal name is usually Wa-hiau with a distinct aspirate, which is the 
more remarkable as in all other words of the language the aspirate “ h ” is unknown, and where “ h ” has 
to be pronounced in a foreign word “ s ” is substituted. “ Yao’’ however is evidently a modern contrac¬ 
tion of Yawa or “ hiawa.” By the A-nyanja people they are known as A-jawa. 
2 A tribe of Zulu mongrels. 
A YAO MAN 
