NATIVES OF BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA 399 
male negro, whose virile development is as marked as it is in the man of 
European race. 
In the young woman who has not borne children the breasts are plump, 
but are set rather low down on the thorax and the nipples have a tendency 
to turn up. As soon as a woman has borne a child the breasts are dragged 
down and become two ugly leather bags in appear¬ 
ance. This change is much aided by the prevailing 
fashion which holds such a thing creditable, if not 
beautiful. Many women flatten their breasts by 
tying a band tightly round their chests. In some 
women the length of the pendulous breast is such 
that it can be turned back over the shoulder, and 
the child can be suckled when tied to its mother’s 
back. The drawing on the next page shows this 
condition of the breast clearly. Cases of umbilical 
hernia are very common and begin in childhood 
from various causes. Occasionally the protuberance 
at the navel is considerable, resembling the curved 
neck of a gourd. 
In both sexes the development of the external 
sexual organs is large—larger than in the European 
(white) race, more considerable still than among 
the Mongoloid (yellow) races of Asia, America, 
and the Pacific. 1 
Amongst the men I have never noticed any 
cases of steatopygy. The women have, as a rule, 
well-developed buttocks, but nothing approaching 
the extraordinary appearance so characteristic of 
the Hottentot. In men the development of the 
buttocks is less than in the Europeans, and in 
children it is extremely small, the child being almost straight up and down.' 2 
The hands and feet vary a good deal in type. 
The thumb is often well developed, but the fingers have a tendency to be 
stumpy. I have never seen any but short nails. The lines in the palm of the 
hand are usually few and simple, but are very deeply marked in dark colour. 
The “ line of head ” is as might be expected usually short and not unfrequently 
is missing. Strange to say there is very often a “ line of fate ” extending right 
up and down the palm. 
BOY WITH WELL-DEVELOPED BREASTS 
1 Pudenda muliebria augentur simili sed non aequa ratione atque in simiis: nam simiarum et cyno- 
cephalorum labra circum vulvam habent multo majora quam mulieres. Praeterea apud simias os vulvae 
solum a tergo ostenditur: anus alte locatus clunibus non celatur. IIoc modo etiam dithiopissa ex Africa 
centrali simiis similis est: nam praeter labrorum clitoridisque auctum, os vulvae magis quam apud mulieres 
Europaeas retro dirigitur. Mares ALthiopes penem eximia magnitudine habent; magis ex ratione cyno- 
cephalorum quam simiarum : nam simiae anthropoides penem non perbrevem sed tenuem et glande minima 
atque praeamta habent. In hac re inter multas alias indoles prisca in hominibus apparet, neque in simiis 
quae aliter evolvuntur. In hac nudorum hominum terra penis parvus rarus est: in Africa Centrali, 
praesertim apud Nyasae septentrionalis indigenas (Wankonde), vir mediocri corpore grande membrum 
virile plerumque habet. Membrum quiescens fere sex uncias longum, excitatum usque ad novem vel 
decern uncias porrigitur. Praeputium natura praelongum est: multae tribus igitur circumcisione utuntur. 
2 One of the chief points in which the anthropoid apes differ from man is in the poor development of 
the gluteal muscles. Sir Richard Owen styled them “ bird-rumped ” in consequence of this want of 
posterior development, a development which is to some extent the result of the upright position, though 
that the remote ancestors of man had a tendency to fleshy protuberances on either side of the sacrum is 
shown in the swollen callosities on monkeys’ rumps. 
