24 
LE CONTE. 
that in the higher animals, and more and more as we go up, 
connected with Nos. 3 and 5— i. e., changes in brain-cells, 
sensory and motor—there seems to be consciousness and will, 
but it is certain that the animal is not conscious of the con¬ 
sciousness nor of the will. The whole series is determined 
absolutely by the external impression. It is simply neces¬ 
sary response to external stimulus; but in man, in addition 
to all this, there is a whole world of phenomena entirely 
peculiar to him. In man external impression and brain 
changes excite or determine concepts or ideas abstracted 
from things, and these in their turn determine other ideas of 
higher orders, and therefore theories, philosophies, sciences, 
religions, &c. Once started, and there is no end of combina¬ 
tions having no immediate connection with the external 
world. Again, in animals the initiative of the whole series 
is external, and the internal response and the completion of 
the cycle of changes is inevitable. In man alone there 
seems to be a self-active agent within, which may choose to 
respond or may not. It may choose rather to operate within 
its own interior world, using materials either gathered from 
without or furnished from within. It may also, without any 
external impression, by motives generated among its own 
phenomena, internal impressions, freely determine motions 
and changes in the external world. 
THE TWO WORLDS. 
Thus there are two worlds—an external and an internal; 
a material and a spiritual. The animal body is an exqui¬ 
sitely adjusted instrument of communication between. The 
key-boards are nerve-terminals on one hand, in contact with 
the material world, and brain-cells on the other, in contact 
with the spiritual world. The material world plays on the 
one and determines changes in spirit; spirit plays on the 
other and determines changes in the material world. In 
animals spirit is in embryo—asleep or, at most, dreaming— 
or even, perhaps, somnambulistic; unconscious of self, and 
responds reflexly as sleepers do, and therefore immediately 
