RELATION OF PHILOSOPHY TO PSYCHOLOGY. 
33 
spirit, in reflective introspection, in abstract thought, in un¬ 
selfish love, and in free moral choice ? 
This last extreme undoubtedly represents the tendency 
among modern materialistic thinkers; but here also, as in 
the other case, while the lower line of limit, viz., that between 
physiology and psychology, may, and I believe will, become 
more and more effaced, the upper limit line, viz., that be¬ 
tween psychology, or the science of the animal soul, and phi¬ 
losophy, or the science of the human spirit, must grow ever 
stronger. As in the former case— i. e., relation of phvsiology 
and chemistry—the greatest distinction is between the physi¬ 
cally living and not living, so in this it must be between 
the spiritually living and not living, or perhaps we may call 
it the spiritually awake and dormant— i. e., between man 
and animals. In the series given above by far the greatest 
chasm is between six and seven. As chemistry ranges up 
and down by synthesis and analysis, claiming the whole of 
dead matter to the very borders of the life plane, but there 
stops, though still underlying and conditioning life phe¬ 
nomena also, so physiology will eventually range up and 
down through all the phenomena of vegetal and animal life, 
claiming all psychology as her domain, to the very borders 
of the phenomena of self-conscious free spirit, but there must 
stop, though still underlying and conditioning these also. 
Observe, again, that this also is only a return, after a long 
scientific detour, to an original and obvious view, but plac¬ 
ing it now on a secure basis. 
PHILOSOPHY VS. PSYCHOLOGY. 
If these views be correct, then must we make a wide dis¬ 
tinction between philosophy and psychology—much wider 
than between psychology and physiology. It is true that 
at the present time psychology seems very distinct from 
physiology; but eventually it will, I think, be absorbed by 
that science and become only a higher department. Physi¬ 
ology is the science of life—vegetable and animal. It in¬ 
cludes, therefore, all the phenomena of plants and animals. 
Psychology will eventually be identified with nerve-physi- 
