74 
KEITH. 
usually closely squeezed and often broken. On the different 
parts of these folds the formations appear repeatedly in long, 
narrow bands, running northeast and southwest. 
Southeast of this valley lies Chilhowee mountain, a long 
synclinal fold of sandstone and shale; part of its eastern 
border is formed by Millers cove. 
From the Chilhowee group eastward through the entire 
Smoky mountain region is a great series of folded slates^ 
sandstones,and conglomerates,the “Ocoee” of Safford, with 
the occasional quaquaversals of limestone coves. 
IV. (a) The formations of the Tennessee valley are varied 
in lithologic form. The topmost in the section is the Car¬ 
boniferous Newman limestone. Below that the Grainger 
shale and Chattanooga shale, of Devonian age. Then the 
Clinch sandstone, overlain in some places by Rockwood 
shale or “ Dyestone ” of Safford, of Upper Silurian age. 
Next below is the “Lower Silurian Nashville formation, a 
variable combination of limestone, calcareous shale, sandy 
shale, and sandstone, 2,000 to 6,000 feet thick. This is pre¬ 
ceded by Knox dolomite, Lower Silurian, a massive bed of 
magnesian limestone 3,500 feet thick. Below this come the 
Middle Cambrian beds in varying proportions of shale and 
limestone. They range in thickness from 600 to 3,000 feet. 
Under these lies the Middle Cambrian Rome sandstone, 
“ Knox ” of Safford, which is from 300 to 900 feet thick. 
Below this in places appears a bed of massive limestone, of 
Lower Cambrian age, from 200 to 700 feet thick. Lowest of 
all lies a series of sandy and argillaceous shales of uncertain 
thickness. They are Lower Cambrian and nearest to Chil¬ 
howee in age, but never come in contact with it. 
( b ) Areas of Chilhowee rocks are rare and only occur in 
isolated patches along the southeastern side of the Tennessee 
valley. As the Chilhowee mountain area is the only one 
where fossils have defined its age, its relations to later rocks 
there are of added interest. In this area more than in any 
other the deposit is well differentiated. Thus the facts of 
structure are more clearly defined, and inferences drawn 
from them are stronger. 
