296 
HARRINGTON. 
have elevated plateaus or be backed by high mountains. 
These elevated regions serve something like a chimney flue 
for the inflowing air when they are heated, and increase the 
velocity of the outflowing air when chilled. It is a require¬ 
ment of prime importance and is overlooked by most writers 
on the subject. It is a condition which exists in the United 
States, and its influence can be distinctly seen in each of the 
cases of marked monsoons mentioned. Indeed, Professor 
Ferrel, with a rare combination of both analytic and syn¬ 
thetic powers, not only analyzed the monsoon as a type and 
pointed out its essential features, but he also indicated the 
parts of the earth’s surface on which monsoons may be found. 
He apparently depended for this, not on the examination of 
the weather maps and monthly charts, but on general prin¬ 
ciples. Nearly every one of the special winds mentioned 
here were indicated by him in general terms. The only 
work with regard to them that he left to do was to fill in 
the details of the pictures which he had sketched in general 
outline. For the Texan monsoons such details will now be 
given as can be drawn from the daily weather maps and from 
the study of the monthly maps of greatest frequency already 
referred to. 
They are in-coast and off-coast winds, and are south and 
southeast, north and northwest on the coast and in Texas, 
but become southerly or northerly winds when they extend 
far up on the plains. Up toward the Dominion border they 
pass imperceptibly into the prevailing southwesterly and 
northwesterly winds. A separate discussion of the southerly 
(summer) and northerly (winter) yields the clearest under¬ 
standing of them. 
(a.) The Southerly Winds or Summer Monsoon. 
These first appear distinctly in March, when they occupy 
the territory south of a line drawn from Texarkana to the 
mouth of the Pecos river. Their eastern limit is not well 
defined, either in this or the succeeding months. 
In April the territory occupied by them is somewhat 
