THE TEXAN MONSOONS. 
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also the afternoon map of January 1, 1891, and again for 
the forenoon of March 8, 1891. 
The second type is anti-cyclonic. An anti-cyclone of es¬ 
pecial intensity, or in an especially favorable position, sends 
a great stream of northerly winds down the plains, and 
these, replacing the milder air there, produce phenomena 
like the preceding, though generally not so marked. Illus¬ 
trations can be found on the weather maps for November 18, 
1890, and the forenoon of February 4, 1891. 
In connection with the winter monsoons when cy¬ 
clonic and anti-cyclonic conditions both favor the north 
winds, Dr. Cline has noted a character of cloud which is 
more common than any other. It has the appearance of 
several large rolls or sheets of black cotton batting each 
rolling over the other and extending from east- to west above 
the prairie until they pass from view below the horizon. 
The appearance of these clouds is very striking. 
It appears, therefore, that over Texas, and often far to the 
northward, there is a periodic seasonal wind, the air flowing 
northward in summer, southward in winter. In so far 
these winds have the ear-marks of monsoons proper, with 
complete reversal of directions. They have the necessary 
proximity of land and sea, the existence of great plains 
nearly bare of forest vegetation and gradually increasing 
in elevation above sea-level, and the necessary background 
of high mountains. To put the case beyond the possibility 
of doubt, it remains to be seen if these winds have the other 
ear-marks of the monsoons. 
First, the continental area must have a higher tempera¬ 
ture in summer and a lower in winter. That the latter 
must be true is so self-evident that it is not necessary to refer 
to the meteorological charts for its proof. The winter air 
over the semi-tropical Gulf must be decidedly warmer than 
that over the bare continental plains to the north. As to 
the summer, it is evident that the continental plains must 
be warmer in the daytime, cooler at night. The more ele- 
