418 
FLETCHER. 
are the accepted technical terms in present use. In the 
Vegas such allusions are common, but generally absurd. 
In ancient Egyptian art the human figure is very defective. 
Quite lately, however (October, 1894), a statuette of very 
dark hard wood, which was discovered in the Therapeum 
at Karnak, has been deposited in the Louvre. It has been 
ascertained that it represents a priestess of Ammon, named 
Tou'ie, who lived some 3,500 years ago. The figure is that 
of a Nubian girl, and is exquisite in its proportions. In 
anatomical correctness it is equal to the famous “ Crouching 
Scribe” in the same collection, which belonged to the fifth 
dynasty and is, therefore, between five and six thousand 
years old. It would be interesting to know the history of 
these rare exceptions. There was a law in ancient Thebes, 
it is said, by which the artist who produced a sculpture-por¬ 
trait worse looking than the original was heavily fined. 
The temptation to beautify the latter must have been great, 
but the marble does not admit of as much flattery as the 
canvas. 
In early Assyrian art the anatomy of the human figures 
portrayed is invariably bad, but the curious anomaly exists 
that sculptures of animals are frequently spirited and cor¬ 
rect. Why the power of imitating, so excellent in the one 
case should so fail in the other, does not seem to admit of 
explanation. 
It is nearly certain that Hippocrates never dissected a 
human body, and the extensive investigations of Aristotle 
were confined to animals, birds, and fishes. The practical 
study of human anatomy may be said to have arisen in 
Egypt under Ptolemy Sotor, and Herophilus and Erasis- 
tratus w T ere permitted to dissect bodies. Their writings are 
lost, and it is through Galen and Celsus that their names 
and some notices of their work have been preserved. 
To Galen must be given the great praise of having 
brought together all that was known in his day on anatomy, 
and of having added an immense number of observations 
of his own. Nevertheless, it is admitted by the best critics 
