494 
JAMES CLARKE WELLING. 
We see in this scholarly paper evidences of that rich 
equipment which would have made so valuable his “ Civil 
Side of the Civil War,” a history whose groundwork was 
laid, for whose completion rest from routine work was 
sought, and for whose interruption ’death alone was respon¬ 
sible. 
Historical topics now occupied his attention, chiefly, per¬ 
haps, because at this time he was looking over his wealth of 
material in anticipation of putting it in final shape. His 
papers were: “ The Law of Torture; a Study in the Evolu¬ 
tion of Law,” delivered as the presidential address before 
the Anthropological Society. It is here that we find the 
succinct statement that history, under the domain of the 
comparative method as projected along the lines of a con¬ 
tinual evolution, is passing from a philosophy teaching by 
example into a science teaching by verified principles—- 
from a philosophy teaching by analogies into a science 
teaching by homologies—showing that as a student of his¬ 
tory he thought he perceived principles broad enough to 
serve as foundations upon which predictions might be safely 
based. This conviction found more definite expression in 
the address on “The Science of Universal History.” In 
this category of papers may be included one read before the 
American Historical Association on “Slavery in the Terri¬ 
tories;” also a second presidential address before the Anthro¬ 
pological Society, in which he gave an account of the last 
town election in Pompeii, “An Archaeological Study of 
Roman Municipal Politics based upon Pompeiian Wall In¬ 
scriptions,” interpreting many of the curious fragmentary 
waitings and broadsides in the light of his accurate knowl¬ 
edge of Roman law, politics, and institutions. 
The occasion of the Bering Sea arbitration called forth a 
paper on the subject of “Pelagic Sealing Juridically Con¬ 
sidered According to Particular Analogy of Municipal 
Law.” This principle, 'firmly established in early Roman 
law and given by Gaius, is the disposition on the part of 
animals to return. 
