304 
GEOLOGY OF THE SECOND DISTRICT, 
Two veins only have as yet been discovered at the 
opening which is called the Battle vein. A want of perfect 
parallelism in the Cook veins may explain this fact, 
though it is not proved that the narrow veins extend far 
north of the opening made by Mr. Cook, They dip to the 
east at a high angle. Their relations to the rock are ex¬ 
plained by fig 81 . 
About fifteen rods farther west, is another vein of iron, 
with a gangue of pure white flint, which I examined, and which may be traced thirty or forty 
rods. The ore is black, and constitutes about one-third of the vein at the surface. By the 
encouragements which were given, this vein has also been opened, and presents favorable in¬ 
dications of being a valuable deposit of ore. The presence of white flint is always regarded 
as an important substance in the magnetic oxide, particularly as it becomes a valuable flux in 
the process of reduction. This vein varied from four to six feet in width at the surface ; and 
I am informed since my visit, that not only the proportion of ore increased, but the vein also 
increased in width. 
Rutgers Vein. 
This vein is eight miles west from Clintonville, and like most of the veins in this vicinity, 
occupies a ridge of one of the primary ranges. It has not been explored to a great extent. 
Its appearance is lean at the surface, but no more so than many veins which, by farther pur¬ 
suit, have proved to furnish an abundance of ore. The gangue or mineral matter associated 
with the ore is very peculiar. It has a resemblance to phosphate of lime, but so peculiar, 
that without analysis, it would be hazardous to decide. It is quite abundant, but still distinct 
crystalline forms are wanting. Sulphate of barytes is also occasionally mixed with the ore, 
a substance which I have not observed at any other vein of iron in this vicinity, though it is 
one of the constant associates of the specular oxide in St. Lawrence county. 
The whole width of the Rutgers vein is about ten feet. It pursues a parallel course with 
the Cook and Arnold veins, and has been traced about one mile. It is probably an extensive 
vein. It has not furnished an iron so valuable as most of the other ores ; and has therefore 
been abandoned. 
Winter Ore. 
This ore has generally been considered to be deposited in the form of a bed, in consequence 
of its appearing as a thick plate overspreading several square rods of the rock with which it 
is associated ; or it appears as though it was deposited horizontally on the rock, like an over¬ 
flowing melted mass of lava. The opinion that it is a bed is questionable, inasmuch as it 
presents no phenomena really distinct from the ordinary veins of this section of country. 
The rich layer of ore was two or three feet thick; but it does not disappear beneath, but is 
underlaid by rock in which the particles of ore are disseminated. The whole amount of 
valuable ore extended forty feet in one direction, and one hundred in another. The whole of 
a, b, veins corresponding nearly to the dip 
of the rock. 
