3G2 
GEOLOGY OF THE SECOND DISTRICT. 
Lisbon. The surface of Lisbon is generally level, the south part being the most uneven. 
The calciferous sandrock appears near the centre of the town, and its dip is here nearly east. 
It is, as usual, filled with calcareous spar, and contains the earthy looking material which is 
often taken for oxide of iron. It contains the Orthis and broken columns of encrinites, and 
has a resemblance to some of the strata at Chazy. Upon its surface, fucoids are more or less 
common. The surface weathers to a drab color, as at other places. 
This town contains an inexhaustible quantity of peat. A large morass or swamp, which 
runs through the south part, is one immense peat bog, extending over several thousand acres. 
Madrid. The general features of this town do not vary essentially from those of Lisbon, 
but it is more sandy, and the subsoil is more argillaceous. One mile south-southwest from 
Waddington, the calciferous sandrock appears in place : its texture is coarse, and it is more 
gritty than usual; color drab, or greyish brown. The layers contain calcareous spar, as 
usual. The strata are nearly horizontal, dipping only slightly to the east-southeast. The 
drab colored strata have been used with success for a hydraulic lime ; and they are also used 
as a building material, for which they are well adapted. 
Several beds of peat have been discovered in this town: one near the half-way house 
between Columbia and Waddington ; another, about a mile from Waddington ; and another, 
half a mile from this place, on the road leading to Massena. Several more of small extent might 
be given, and most of the low wet grounds are in fact peat marshes. Upon the surface, the 
boulders are granite, hypersthene rock, sienite and limestone, in which are abundance of 
fossils of the trenton rock. 
Louisville. The rock of this section appears at Redington’s mills, on the De Grasse 
river : it dips northeast-north. It is fine grained, and of a dark color. Peat abounds in all 
the low grounds. Many of the morasses in which peat is so abundant, appear to have been 
swept out by currents of water, and their course is generally parallel with the St. Lawrence 
river. 
Norfolk. At both villages in this town, calciferous sandstone rises above the surface, and 
at each place it forms tflie bed of the Racket river : it dips northeast-north. It also occurs 
three miles above Atwater falls, and continues uninterrupted to the falls. Bog ore is found in 
this place in considerable quantities. 
Massena. The calciferous sandrock has been long used for lime, and large quantities are 
furnished to the British provinces for the public works. The color of the mass is a light 
drab. This variety possesses the same characters as that at Chazy, having a very compact 
structure or fine grain, and breaking with a conchoidal fracture. Dip northeast-north. 
The boulders of Massena belong to the primary rocks and the trenton limestone, being 
similar to those already described as covering the surface at Hogansburgh, and which were 
supposed to have been brought from the vicinity of Montreal. 
A hepatic spring, of some importance, has long been resorted to for the cure of cutaneous 
diseases. It is a few feet only above the level of the river; rises from a bed of clay, and 
discharges nitrogen, or a gas which extinguishes flame. It contains in solution a highly deli¬ 
quescent salt. 
