CONTENTS. 
XI 
CHAPTER VI. 
THE NEW-YORK SYSTEM. 
General view of the New-York system, page 113. Classification of the New-York rocks, 114. Note on geological 
periods, 115. Champlain division, 117 : Potsdam sandstone, 117; Calciferous sandstone, 118; Chazy limestone, 
122; Birdseye limestone, 122; Isle Lamotte marble, 123 ; Trenton limestone, 123 ; Utica slate, 123; Loraine shales, 
124; Oneida conglomerate, 125. Agricultural relations of the Champlain division, 129. Waters of the Champlain 
division, 130. Fractures in the Champlain division, 133. Thickness of the Champlain division, 138. Ontario 
division, 141: Medina sandstone, 142; Clinton group, 144; Niagara group, 150. Thickness of the Ontario division, 
152. Helderberg division, 153 : Onondaga-salt group, 153; Pentamerus limestone, 166; Delthyris shaly limestone, 
167 ; Encrinal limestone, 168 ; Oriskany sandstone, 168; Cauda-galli grit, 171 ; Schoharie grit, 174; Onondaga 
limestone, 174. Thickness of the Helderberg division, 178. Erie division, 180: Marcellus slate, 181 ; Hamilton 
shales, 183 ; Tully limestone, 186. Catskill division, 187 : Portage and Chemung groups, 188 ; Catskill group, 193 
Equivalents of the Devonian system, 198. New Red sandstone, 200. Tertiary system, 202. Marl and peat, 204. 
CHAPTER VII. 
SOILS OF NEW-YORK. 
Origin of soils, page 207. Distribution of soils, 209: Phenomena of diluvial action, 209; Distribution of soils by 
diluvial action, 212; Causes of diluvial action, 214. Relations of soils to the underlying rocks, 218. Elements of 
soils, 220. Classification of soils, 229. Temperature of soils, 231. Table comparing the temperature of the earth 
and the air, 232. Composition of the soils of New-York, 234. Analysis of soils of the Highland district, 236; of 
the Taconic district, 242; of the Hudson and Mohawk district, 255 ; of the Western district, 270 ; of the Southern 
district, 307; of the Atlantic district, 318. Analysis of waters of the Taconic district, 250; of the Hudson and 
Mohawk district, 263 ; of the Western district, 298; of the Southern district, 314. Climate of the Taconic district, 
252; of the Hudson and Mohawk district, 268; of the Western district, 303; of the Southern district, 315; of the 
Atlantic district, 321. Improvement of the soil of the Taconic district, 253; of the Hudson and Mohawk district, 
262; of the Western district, 297; of the Southern district, 313 ; of the Atlantic district, 320. Comparison of the 
soils of the different districts, 323. Quantity of maize and oats harvested in the several districts in the year 1845, 
326. Observations on analysis, 327. Analysis of soils from the Taconic district, 330. Analysis of soils from the 
Western district, 336. Soils tested for soluble silica and the phosphates, 344. Sources of the phosphates, 345. 
Premium crops of wheat, maize and oats, 348. Absorptive and retentive powers of soils, 351. Tables of the com¬ 
position of the limestones, shales, slates and marls, 354. General summary, 358. 
Description of the geological map .... 
Explanation of the agricultural map 
Explanation of the plates. 
Explanation of the engravings. 
Page 361 
361 
363 
308 
