204 
ANALYSES OF SOILS. 
Silex__ 0* 12 
Vegetable matter (partly crenic and apocrenic acids) 4*57 
Carbonate of lime_ 3*62 
Magnesia_ 0*87 
Peroxide of iron and alumina___ 0-74 
Chloride of sodium___ 
Sulphate of lime___ 
Water of the well at the Old State House in State-street. 
Solid matter in one quart, 9 grs. 
Silex_ 0*50 
Alumina_ 0*15 
Organic matter_ 3*00 
Carbonate of lime___ 2*37 
Chlorides and sulphates_ 3*98 
Well at the Exchange. 
One gallon contains 65*17 grs. of solid matter. 
Silex___ 0*12 
Alumina_ 0*50 
Lime_ 7*24 
Organic matter_ 4*27 
Sulphate of lime_ 3*75 
Chloride of sodium and magnesium_ 49*29 
In the course of evaporating the waters, it was not unusual for them to give off odors 
which showed rather too plainly that they contained a disagreeable quanity of animal 
matters in solution. In one instance the room and adjacent hall were filled with the odor 
common to stables, and yet this water is in constant use both for cooking and drinking. 
Another well is quite remarkable for the amount of solid matter contained in its waters. 
We obtained from one gallon 245 *76 grains of solid matter, after a large amount of ferru¬ 
ginous matter had separated in the form of a precipitate. It consisted of protoxide of iron 
and carbonate of lime : a trace of magnesia and the sulphates, only, was detected in the 
water. 
It is evident from the numerous analyses which have been made of the waters of the 
Tertiary or Albany clay, that these waters are not only hard, but frequently are so highly 
charged with mineral substances as to be unfit for domestic purposes. Another object for 
which they are not at all adapted, is for the generation of steam for moving machinery : 
it has been found in practice that they can not be employed for this purpose, as the boiler 
is rapidly destroyed under their use. 
The springs which issue from the upper part of this formation, are much better adapted 
to the purposes of life. The water of the Patroon’s creek contains only 3‘ 12 grains of saline 
matter per gallon ; in addition to this, 1*60 of organic matter was found, making the solid 
