WESTERN DISTRICT. 
293 
This soil is regarded as a clay, and forms a soil quite stiff and impervious, but it is a 
durable wheat soil. The average production is fifteen bushels per acre. It is the basis of 
the soil for this crop through this section of country. Above it a soil is not uncommon, 
which is called locally a wheat sand , in contradistinction to a wheat clay. The former, 
however, is never a thick deposit, and it is usually sufficiently near the clay to be influenced 
by its presence. It is one excellence of the wheat clay and sand, that whatever manure is 
put upon them remains until used up by vegetation : a leachy soil, as it is called, is hardly 
known in the county. 
Surface soil, from the range of elevated land west of Moscow village , resting upon the 
Genesee slate. 
ANALYSIS. 
Water of absorption __ 4*04 
Organic matter_-_ 1*16 
Silicates_____ 82*70 
Peroxide of iron and alumina_ 7*50 
Carbonate of lime_ 1*75 
Magnesia__ 0*50 
97*65 
Soil taken from the farm of Mr. Horsford , nine inches below the surface , resting upon the 
Moscow shale. 
ANALYSIS. 
Water of absorption. 2*00 
Organic matter_ 1*12 
Silicates.89*75 
Peroxide of iron and alumina_ 4*21 
Carbonate of lime ___ 2*18 
Magnesia. trace. 
99*26 
The soils of Livingston contain less oxide of iron than is usual: hence they are of a light 
drab or clay color, which conveys the idea of coldness, and probably the power of absorbing 
heat is less than in soils which are red or brown. 
Analysis of a specimen of soil from Castile , Wyoming county. 
Its characters resemble those of Livingston, and it rests upon the same geological for¬ 
mation. 
Water of absorption_ 2*50 
Organic matter_ 8*25 
Silicates. 81*50 
Peroxide of iron and alumina_ 5*91 
Carbonate of lime.. 0*50 
Magnesia_ 0*05 
98*71 
