Premium crops. 
351 
should then be able to determine the relative power of the soils in the State, and practi¬ 
cally their value or adaptedness to the different kinds of husbandry. Observation ought 
also to be directed to the capacity, as well as adaptedness of position to the different crops 
in the same district; inasmuch as there is but little probability that an entire district is 
fitted exclusively to one or two kinds of grain. Oats seem to possess an aptitude to ac¬ 
commodate themselves to a wide range of latitude. We are not yet in possession of a 
sufficient number of facts to be able to judge of the quantity which our lands ought, under 
proper cultivation, to yield. 
TABLE OF STATE AND COUNTY PREMIUM CROPS FOR 1846; 
EMBRACING ALSO OTHER LARGE CROPS NOT ENTERED FOR PREMIUMS, WITH THE EXPENSE OF CULTIVATION, 
AND VALUE OF LANDS PER ACRE. 
COUNTIES. 
Wheat. 
Maize. 
Oats. 
Cost of cultivation. 
Value of land. 
Per acre 
Per acre. 
Per acre. 
Per acre 
Oneida. 
55 & 391 bushels. 
88 & 89 bushels. 
. , 
$52'61 for 2 acres. 
$40•50 
Ontario. 
56* 
Wayne. 
39* 
• • 
. . 
$18‘35 for 1 acre. 
$30-00 
Madison. 
44 
Cayuga ...... 
38 
. . 
64 bushels. 
$207 for 11 acres. 
$100-50 
Yates . 
Onondaga . i.. 
414 
60, 65, 71, 80 
Rensselaer .. . 
182* 
. . 
$79-79 for 2 acres. 
$100-00 
Washington .. 
11, 44, 29 & 21* 
131, 128 
$70-00 
Lewis. 
93 
90, 106* 
. . 
$50-50 
Oswego . 
142, 93 
106 
Tompkins.... 
C 113, 105, 99, ) 
i 133, 9S $ 
91 
Seneca .... 
Niagara. 
106 
86 
Orleans . 
112 
TABLE SHOWING THE TIMES OF SOWING AND REAPING IN MONROE COUNTY. 
YEARS. 
MAIZE. 
WHEAT. 
BARLEY. 
OATS. 
Planted 
H arvested 
Growth. 
Harvested 
Sowed 
Harvested 
Sowed 
Harvested 
1840 
May 19 
Sept. 17 
121 days. 
July 18 
April 17 
July 28 
April 10 
1841 
“ 23 
“ 6 
107 “ 
“ 20 
“ 23 
“ 29 
“ 26 
Aug. 4 
1842 
“ 6 
“ 20 
137 “ 
“ 25 
“ 14 
Aug. 2 
“ 1 
“ 16 
1843 
“ 18 
“ 29 
134 “ 
“ 26 
“ 25 
“ 2 
“ 20 
“ 9 
1844 
“ 10 
“ 14 
127 “ 
“ 15 
“ 1 
July 12 
“ IS 
July 25 
1845 
“ 6 
Aug. 20 
106 “ 
“ 15 | 
March 28 
“ 14 
XII. THE POWER WHICH SOILS POSSESS OF ABSORBING AND RETAINING 
WATER. 
Our account of the New-York soils would be incomplete, if we passed over in silence 
these important qualities, which all soils possess in a greater or less degree. The de¬ 
termination of this power can be satisfactorily ascertained only by an extensive series of 
