EXPLANATION OF THE ENGRAVINGS. 
Page 33. Vieiv of the Adirondack Pass. This view is designed to give an idea of the immense mural 
precipice about five miles from the Adirondack iron-works in Newcomb, Essex county. It rises 
one thousand feet above the observer at its base, and is a grand exhibition of an uplift in this Primary 
region. The rock is the hypersthene rock. The fragments, which have fallen at different times, 
are thirty feet high, and support living and growing trees as high as themselves. The Ausable, 
which flows into the Gulf of the St. Lawrence, rises on one side; and the Hudson, which flows 
into the Atlantic at New-York, on the other. 
Page 75. This cut exhibits a portion of the Taconic range upon its eastern side. It forms a continuous 
range, but made up of a succession of rounded eminences. These hills may be cultivated to their 
tops; but they are devoted to pasturage. The view is from the south end of Stone hill in Williams- 
town (Mass.), looking southwest. 
Page 171. The view shows the thin and imperfectly bedded Cauda-galli grit in its horizontal position, 
as it is cut through by a creek at New-Scotland. 
The cut on page 172 shows the effect upon the same rock, when it has been subjected to pressure, and 
slightly elevated and weathered. It appears to have been raised to a vertical position, and would 
be thus regarded, perhaps, were it not that fossils have been found upon the layers, which dip very 
slightly. The locality is the gorge near Leeds. 
Page 187. Exhibits one of the many waterfalls which occur in the New-York system. The rock 
belongs to the upper part of the Hamilton group, and the fall is formed by a small rapid stream 
near Summit in Schoharie county. The rock is thin-bedded, and it has made a remarkably fine 
exposure of this group, which is quite interesting for the abundance of its fossils. 
Page 192. The view looks up the Schoharie creek at Gilboa. The valley is narrow, and bounded by 
ranges of hills and mountains which project into it. The rocks are horizontal, and have been cut 
out by diluvial action, and thus opened the valley for the present creek. This is evident, from the 
fact that the rocks are scored in the direction of the valley at different heights above the present 
stream. 
Page 306. The natural vegetation of the hills of the Southern district is represented in this cut. The 
trees are thickly planted: tall and intermixed maples, pines, hemlocks and beeches, are the most 
conspicuous. It is a view in Gilboa, but resembles a hundred others in the same range of hills.„ 
