12 PAPILIO. By Dr. G. Aurivillius. 
with numerous angular reddish yellow spots. Hindwing above reddish yellow with a large black spot at 
the end of the cell and 6 — 7 rounded black discal spots, also with a black marginal band, deeply notched 
proximally, which is ornamented with yellow marginal spots at the ends of the folds between the veins. 
The <? attains an expanse of wings of 200—230 mm., the very rare ? is much smaller and only reaches 
150 mm. The earlier stages are unfortunately entirely unknown. The c? flies high and swiftly and is 
difficult to catch. West African forest-region from Sierra Leone to the Aruwimi and Kassai. — In ab. 
gigantea. gigantea Walk, the two black transverse spots in the cell of the hindwing are united and the black spots 
in the middle of the hindwing are almost twice as large as in the typical form, and more angular; 
piagiata. Gaboon. — ab. plagiata Stick, has the outer yellow-brown discal spots of cellules 5, 6, and 8 of the 
forewing enlarged and united into a transverse band; Cameroons. 
Rex Group. 
The abdomen does not reach the anal angle of the hindwing by some distance. Forewing only a little 
elongated; hindwing rounded, tailless, with undulate margin. The wings of a black ground-colour with white spots, 
which are arranged quite similarly in all the forms. The forewing has two of these spots in the cell, one discal 
spot each in cellules 2—6 and 8, of which those of cellules 4 and 5 are small or absent, 8 submarginal spots in 
cellules lb — 8 and 8 marginal spots at the tips of the folds. The hindwing has a large spot in the cell which 
almost fills it up, one spot each in the base of cellules lb —7, of which those of cellules 3 and 4 are small or 
absent, two obliquely placed submarginal spots each in cellules lb—7, one submarginal spot in cellule la, and 7 
single marginal spots. Head, breast and back dotted with white; abdomen with whitish lateral stripes. The species 
is rare, mimics certain Danaids in colour and markings and appears to occur principally only in mountainous regions. 
Earlier stages unknown. 
rex. P. rex Obertli. (lb). In the o 71 the forewing has above two broad orange-yellow basal streaks in 
the cell and below it, which do not reach the white spots or barely so. On the underside these spots are 
larger and confluent, covering the whole basal part. Ground-colour of the hindwing above black down to the 
base, beneath orange-yellow at the base of the costal margin (in cellule 8). In the ? the whole basal part 
of the forewing above is orange-yellow at least as far as the first white spots. Closely mimics Danaida 
formosa Godw., occurring in the same districts, but is usually much larger, yet smaller specimens also occur. 
That is to say, the wing-expanse varies from 97 to 140 mm. Mountainous districts of German and British 
mimeticus. East Africa as far as the north-eastern corner of the Victoria Nyanza. — mimeticus Rothsch. (la) differs in 
both sexes from rex in that the base of the forewing as far as the light spots and the basal part of the 
hindwing to beyond the middle are dark red-brown. Mimics Danaida mercedonia Karsch. At the north-west 
and north side of the Victoria Nyanza as far as the north-east corner of the lake. — There, where Danaida 
commixta. formosa and mercedonia meet together, occurs also a transition-form between mimeticus and rex, commixta Auriv., 
in which the basal colour of the forewing is more extended than in rex, but not so dark as in mimeticus. — 
schultzei. schultzei Auriv. Wings on both sides with pure black ground-colour down to the base, on the forewing a 
curved white longitudinal stripe in the base of cellule lb. Forewing shorter and broader than in the 
preceding forms, the marginal spots larger. Represents probably the oldest form of this group, and can 
apparently scarcely be regarded as a mimic of Danaida pelicerana. Discovered by Lieutenant A. Schultze 
in North Adamaua (Cameroon district), flying among the rocks. 
Zalmoxis Group. 
Abdomen not extending to the anal angle, powerfully built, almost unicolorous yellow. Hindwing uniformly 
rounded, without tail. Head, breast and collar dotted with white. Wings above of light blue ground-colour with 
black veins and black stripes between the veins. Hindwing with 2 marginal spots in each cellule. Basal cell of 
the hindwing large, rhomboidal. Earlier stages unknown. 
zalmoxis. P. zalmoxis Hew. (lb). Forewing on both sides narrowly black at the costal and distal margins 
and broadly so at the apex, ground-colour grey-whitish beneath. Hindwing above with broad black 
marginal band and blue marginal spots, beneath with narrow marginal band and whitish marginal spots; 
the ground-colour of the under surface red-brown, shaded with white in the middle. — In the primeval 
forest region, from Old Calabar as far as the Aruwimi and Lualuaburg. — ripponi Rob., with dark bronze 
ground-colour on the upper surface, as well as the specimens with dirty green ground-colour now and 
then met with in collections, are only discoloured and do not occur in nature. 
Dardanus Group. 
Abdomen not extending to the anal angle. Forewing broad and short. Hindwing in the c f always with 
a long tail at vein 4, in the ? usually rounded and tailless, but sometimes tailed as in the cf. Cell of the hindwing 
of light colour (yellow, reddish yellow, red or white), occasionally narrowly black at the base. Hindwing usually 
with two light submarginal spots each in cellules lb—7. Head and thorax distinctly dotted with white at least in 
the dark forms. The 2? are very polymorphic, and not only often quite different from the cdcf but also so unlike 
one another that for a long time they were regarded as quite different species. Moreover, both the cTd* and $$ in 
