36 MYLOTRIS; A P PI AS. By Dr. C. Anrivillius. 
crawshayi. of German East. Africa. — crawshayi Btlr. (11 d). The black marginal band of the forewing above 5 — 7 mm. 
in breadth at the apex, either continuous to the hinder angle or posteriorly broken up into large triangular- 
spots at the extremities of veins 1-3; the cell only black in the basal quarter; forewing without black hind- 
dulcis. marginal stripe; marginal spots of the hindwing all free. Nyassaland and German East Africa. — dulcis Thurau 
(12 b) has a narrower, posteriorly indistinct costal stripe on the upperside of the forewing, an apical spot 
only extending to the middle of cellule 5 and large, long, triangular marginal spots on veins 1—5; the 
decora, marginal spots of the hindwing are all of equal size. German East Africa near Langenburg. ¥-ab. decora 
Thurau (12 b) only differs from dulcis in having the hindwing ochre-yellow, not sulphur-yellow. German East 
aequimargo. Africa near Langenburg. — aequimargo Tlmrau (12 b). This form is also very similar to dulcis and only 
differs in that the costal-marginal stripe on the upperside of the forewing is broader and more sharply de¬ 
fined, the marginal spots on the forewing above are shorter and marginal spot 7 on the hindwing above is 
swaynei. much larger than the others. German East Africa near Poroto-Rungwe. — swaynei Btlr. agrees with craiv- 
shayi in having the greater part of the cell on the forewing above white, but has a narrow hindmarginal 
stripe on the forewing above and free marginal spots at veins 2 — 4 of the forewing; the marginal spots of 
narcissus, the hindwing all equal in size. Somaliland. — narcissus Btlr. differs from crawshayi in having the cell of 
the forewing dusted with black at least in its basal half; in the ¥ the marginal band of the forewing above 
is broad, continuous to the anal angle, proximally with long teeth on veins 2—4 and usually connected by 
dentatus . a hindmarginal stripe with the basal spot. On the Kilimandjaro and in Rritish East Africa. — dentatus Btlr. 
(11c) closely approaches narcissus; but the black markings on the upper surface of the forewing are somewhat 
more extended and marginal spots 6 and 7 on the hindwing above are very large and joined together. 
knutsoni. Nyassaland. — knutsoni Auric, (lid). The white ground-colour of the forewing above is completely sur¬ 
rounded by the black colour and distally but little dentate, but covers at least half of the cell; marginal spots 
6 and 7 of the hindwing above larger than the rest and usually confluent; ground-colour of the hindwing 
iacksoni. i 11 the cf sulphur-yellow, in the ¥ ochre-yellow. Cameroon Mountains. — jacksoni E. Sharpe only differs 
from the preceding form in that the white ground-colour of the forewing above covers at most the apex of 
the cell and is distally more broadly rounded and more deeply dentate. British East Africa; Kavirondo and 
neumanni. Kikuyu. — neumanni E. Sharpe is the darkest of all the forms of sagala, the white ground-colour of the 
upperside of the forewing being reduced to a small triangular spot, which covers the base of cellules 2—4; 
marginal spots 6 and 7 of the hindwing above large and sometimes united into a broad costal-marginal band; 
marginal spots of the under surface of both wings very minute or absent. In the cf the forewing is some- 
striaia. times so completely black-grey above that only the basal part of veins 2—4 is whitish: ab. striata ah. nov. 
British East Africa: on the Kenia and near Nairobi, 
ruandana. M. ruandana Strand is marked almost like narcissus, but differs from it and all the other forms of 
sagala in having the white ground-colour of the basal half of the forewing above and beneath replaced by 
a bright sulphur-yellow (or orange-yellow); hindwing above sulphur-yellow, beneath greenish white, sparsely 
sprinkled at the base with black, in the rest of the basal half with yellow scales, the costal margin narrowly 
orange-yellow and orange-yellow scales in the posterior half of the basal area. Ruanda in the virgin 
mountain-forest. 
5. Genus: Appias Him. 
This is one of the genera common to South Asia and Africa and is much richer in species in the 
East than in Africa. The African species are referred by Butler to his genera Phrissura and Glutoplirissa. 
These two genera, however, cannot be distinguished from Appias. Appias nearly approaches Pieris, but differs 
from it in that the middle discocellular of the forewing is not straight and oblique as in Pieris , but sharply 
bent, forming almost a right angle with the subcostal vein. Moreover, the abdomen beneath has before the 
anus in the cf a long, in the ¥ a short or -indistinct hair-pencil. When the forewing has submarginal spots 
they are not placed between the veins, as in Pieris, but on them. The ¥¥ often differ considerably from 
the cfcf in markings and shape. Hence their identity with the cfcf has not yet been certainly proved 
in all cases. 
Very remarkable is the parallelism in colouring and markings which exists between the species of 
Mylothris and Appias. 
perlucens. A. perlucens Btlr. (= sylvia Auric.) This and the two following species differ from the others in 
having the dark marginal band of the forewing more or less distinctly developed also beneath. It is very 
similar to A. rliodope and only differs essentially in the male in the basal spot of the forewing being light 
lemon-yellow and not orange-yellow. In the ¥ both wings have a white ground-colour above and the forewing 
is lemon-yellow beneath at the base. Sierra Leone to Angola. 
