40 
PIERIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
gidica. 
westicoodi. 
doubledayi. 
abyss inica. 
occidentis. 
tscliadica. 
creona. 
caeca. 
sigirrensis. 
sever ina 
agrippina 
elisa. 
between the cell and the border with a dark, dentate transverse line, which is interrupted in cellule 4 and in 
each of cellules 2, 3 and 5 sends out a streak distally, but. in cellule lb two streaks: these streaks reach or 
intersect the lunate submarginal line, which is usually interrupted in the middle of each cellule; the forewing 
of the cf always above with white ground-colour and its marginal band with 2 rows of white spots. — 
gidica Godt. has only a narrow transverse bar at the end of the cell of the forewing, which is not connected 
with the costal margin; hindwing of the cf above with a black, white-spotted marginal band 2—3 mm. in 
breadth, beneath white with a black spot at the apex of the cell, black discal line and black submarginal line, 
but without darkened veins; marginal band of the forewing spotted with white; the ? is unknown to me. Cape 
Colony. — westwoodi Wallengr. (13 a) differs in the cf in that the transverse spot at the end of the cell of 
the forewing is connected by a black bar with the costal margin, the hindwing above lias only free triangular 
marginal spots and beneath is distinguished by the veins being dark to the base; the transverse spot at the 
end of the cell of the forewing does not nearly reach vein 3. The ? is quite unlike the cf, has on the upperside 
of both wings an unspotted marginal band 5—9 mm. in breadth and the basal area of both wings more or 
less broadly darkened; the transverse spot at the end of the cell on the forewing is very broad; the under 
surface is marked almost as in the cf, only with somewhat thicker black markings; the ground-colour of both 
wings is either whitish or ochre-yellow = ?-ab. doubledayi Wallengr. The larva is spindle-shaped, with light 
bluish green head and body, on each segment 2 white dorsal spots, lives on species of Capparis. Pupa light 
green with a few black dots on the dorsum. South Africa to Abyssinia, the Soudan and Senegal, f. abyssinica 
Luc. (13a) is the dry-season form of westwoodi and is distinguished by the somewhat reduced black markings 
of the upder surface and especially by the dark, reddish grey underside of the hindwing, which is divided 
by a white longitudinal streak; the ? is fairly similar to the cf, but has a more obtuse forewing and thicker 
black markings. South Africa to Abyssinia and the Soudan. — occidentis Btlr. nearly approaches westwoodi , 
but is somewhat larger and has the transverse spot at the end of the cell on the forewing prolonged posteriorly, 
reaching vein 3. Congo region and German East Africa. — tschadica Auric. (12f) agrees with the last forms 
in having the transverse spot of the cell on the forewing united with the costal margin, but differs from all 
the other forms in the broad black marginal band of both wings, which is above almost unspotted, but beneath 
adorned with a row of small white spots; beneath the hindwing is white to the black marginal band, which 
is widened at the anal angle, there being no other markings except a small black spot at the apex of 
the cell and an orange-yellow streak at the base of the costal margin; the ? has the ground-colour of the 
hindwing yellowish and the marginal bands still broader. North Cameroons in the neighbourhood of Lake Chad. 
The following closely allied species have a more obtuse forewing with undulate distal margin and white-dusted 
fringes at the ends of the interneural folds. The forewing beneath either with continuous black, light-spotted marginal band, 
or with dark, angular submarginal spots connecting the veins. On the under surface of the forewing the light marginal 
spots of cellules 3—8 are completely separated from the margin by a thin black marginal line connecting the extremities 
of the veins. Submarginal spot 4 on the forewing is always well developed and placed nearer to the margin than spots 
3 and 5. The 1st subcostal vein of the forewing seems always to be connected with the costal vein. 
P. creona Cr. (13b). Both wings above with white ground-colour and continuous black marginal band, 
which on the hindwing in the cf is only 5—6 mm. in breadth, but in the ? almost reaches the apex of the 
cell and is either quite without spots or has only a white spot in each of cellules 4—6; the lower cross-vein 
of the forewing only with a small, free black streak or dot; hindwing beneath with yellowish ground-colour, 
its marginal band with complete rows of whitish (cf) or yellow (?) spots. Senegal to the Niger. — ab. caeca 
Cannae. Ground-colour of both wings yellowish white; the forewing entirely without discal dot. Abyssinia. - 
ab. sigirrensis Strand. Marginal band on the upperside of the hindwing in the cf unspotted or only with 
one light spot, in the ? with a light spot at the costal margin, Niger. 
P. severina Cr. (13b). Forewing with a small black dot at the end of the cell; differs in the cf from 
creona in having the marginal band of the hindwing somewhat narrower and enclosing 4—5 distinct white 
spots; in the ? in the more or less yellowish ground-colour and the narrower marginal band of the hindwing, 
which does not nearly reach the cell. Larva above dark green, beneath whitish, clothed throughout with short, 
very fine white hairs; each segment with a subdorsal yellow spot; lateral line light yellow; head dark brown 
with white dots, first segment yellowish at the anterior edge; lives on Capparis. Pupa bluish green with 2 
yellow spots on each segment of the abdomen and 4 at each side of the thorax; a thin black dorsal line and 
a small white tubercle with black base on each side at the angle of the wing-cases. Common in the whole 
of South and West Africa, northwards to Angola and British East Africa, also on Madagascar. — agrippina 
Fldr. (12 f). Hindwing above only with free triangular black marginal spots at the extremities of the veins, 
beneath with violet-grey ground-colour, otherwise agreeing with the type-form. South and East Africa. - 
elisa Voll. is a small island-form with an expanse of only 38—47 mm. and beneath with brown marginal spots; 
the forewing at the end of the cell sometimes only with a dot, sometimes with a transverse bar; hindwing 
