42 
PIERIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
peeli. 
subeida. 
sylvander. 
frobeniusi. 
calypso- 
dentigera. 
wehvitschi. 
hospitis. 
ogygia. 
slender submarginal line, which encloses white spots in cellules 3—6 and 8; beneath the forewing is orange- 
yellow at the base almost to the middle of the cell; the hindwing is beneath ornamented with small orange- 
yellow spots and streaks at the base, across the middle, before the distal margin and at the margin between 
the black spots; the veins are not darkened. Madagascar. — peeli Dixey (22b) is the continental form of 
grandidieri and only differs in the less developed black markings; the submarginal line of the forewing above 
is almost entirely absent in the cf and very narrow in the ?. Somaliland. 
The following series of species differ from the preceding in that the submarginal line or the angled submarginal 
spots of the hindwing beneath are replaced by rounded dark submarginal spots. These submarginal spots are at least in 
cellules 6 and 7 completely separated from one another and from the veins and often occur also on the upper surface. 
Sometimes these submarginal spots are entirely absent and the hindwing has only black marginal spots at the extremities 
of the veins. The first subcostal vein of the forewing is almost always free. 
P. subeida Fldr. (13 c). Hindwing on both surfaces or at least beneath with a black transverse spot 
at the end of the cell between 4 and 5; the veins of the hindwing beneath always more or less broadly 
dark-margined; forewing at the end of the cell with a rounded black spot, which is more or less completely 
united with a pointed, triangular costal spot: marginal band of the forewing formed just as in severina and 
voeltzkowi, its light spots above narrow and streak-like, beneath much larger and yellowish, but completely 
separated from the distal margin by a fine black line; hindwing above with a black marginal band 4 — 5 mm. 
in breadth, which is formed by the rounded submarginal spots of cellules 2 — 4 (—5) being united with the 
very large marginal spots, beneath with light yellow ground-colour; in the ? the wings are more rounded 
and all the black markings more extended. British East Africa to Kordofan. — sylvander Smith (22 a, b) 
only differs in having the submarginal spots of the hindwing above more isolated or sometimes almost en¬ 
tirely absent. In the north-eastern part of the Congo Free State. — frobeniusi Strand is above similar to the 
type-form, but differs from it beneath in that the forewing is sulphur-yellow between the black submarginal 
band and the distal margin, without black dusting on the veins, and has a yellow longitudinal streak in the 
cell; the veins of the hindwing beneath are only darkened between the distal margin and the submarginal 
spots. At the Niger near Sigirri. 
P, calypso has an expanse of 52 — 65 mm. and a large black spot on the under surface of the hind¬ 
wing at the end of the cell; the veins of the hindwing beneath are never darkened; the upperside of the 
hindwing in the cf usually only with marginal spots, in the ? also with large submarginal spots, which are 
more or less united with the marginal spots into a marginal band, on the underside both the marginal and 
submarginal spots are always present and well separated. - calypso Drury (13 d). Under surface of the 
hindwing light ochre-yellow, at the base of the costal margin yolk-yellow, the forewing at the end of the cell 
in the ? with a broad transverse bar, or in the cf at least beneath with a triangular costal spot, which is 
connected by a thin oblique line with the rounded discal spot on the lower discocellular; on the underside 
of the forewing the marginal spots are large and joined to the submarginal spots by the black veins; the 
light spots which are thus enclosed in cellules 5 — 8 are yellowish; in the ? the upperside of the wings is 
more or less broadly covered with blackisch scales at the base. Sierra Leone to the Congo region. - 
dentigera Bttr. (15b) has like the type-form the base of the costal margin on the hindwing beneath yolk- 
yellow, but the ground-colour of the hindwing beneath in the cf is almost pure white; the forewing of the 
cf without black costal spot opposite to the rounded discal spot and at least beneath with the submarginal 
spots entirely separated from the marginal spots; the ? only differs from that of calypso in having the sub¬ 
marginal spots of the hindwing isolated also above. Congo region to Equatoria. — welwitschi Rogenh. (12 e). 
Hindwing beneath at the base of the costal margin vermilion; its ground-colour varies from bright ochre-yellow 
to almost white with a longitudinal streak in 1 c and large spots at the distal margin yolk-yellow, the sub¬ 
marginal spots are usually distinct above also, but small and punctiform; the forewing on both surfaces with 
a large triangular costal spot in the middle of the costal margin, the apex of which usually reaches the discal 
spot; the marginal spots of the forewing beneath are small and more (cf) or less widely separated from the 
free or nearly free submarginal spots, the interspace between the submarginal spots and the distal margin is 
pure white like the ground-colour (cf) or slightly yellowish; in the ? the hindwing on both surfaces and the 
forewing beneath at the base are ochre-yellow. Angola and Congo region. — hospitis Weym. (= ratidengi 
Stiff.) has the basal part of the costal margin on the hindwing beneath vermilion as in welwitschi and only 
differs from this form in the absence of the black costal spot at the middle of the costal margin on the fore¬ 
wing; the interspace between the margin and the submarginal spots on the underside of the forewing is 
bright yolk-yellow. German East Africa. 
P. ogygia Trim. Hindwing on both surfaces without dark spot at the apex of the cell, forewing on 
the other hand above and beneath with a black transverse streak at the end of the cell, which almost or quite 
reaches the costal margin; above both wings have a white ground-colour, beneath the hindwing and the apex 
of the forewing are bright yolk-yellow and the base of the forewing orange-yellow; forewing above with large 
marginal spots united into a marginal line, which is continuous as far as vein 2, and 4 rounded, free or 
almost free submarginal spots in cellules 3, 5, 6 and 8; the submarginal spot of cellule 4 is absent or very 
