PIERIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
43 
minute; beneath the marginal spots of the forewing are smaller and completely separated; hindwing on both 
surfaces with free black marginal spots, which above are large and more rounded than beneath; the sub- 
marginal spots are small and in the cf wanting on the upperside; all the veins of the hindwing beneatli are 
finely blackish and the base of the costal margin orange-red. A rare species, hitherto only known from Natal. 
P. thysa. Both wings above and beneath without dark spot at the end of the cell; the submarginal 
spots on the upperside of the hindwing small, usually separated or almost separated from one another and 
from the marginal spots, the submarginal spot of cellule 4 nearly always absent; the base of the costal margin 
on the hindwing beneath vermilion; the forewing beneath at the base with a usually large, fiery red or orange- 
yellow basal spot; the black marginal spots of the under surface are all separated and often divided into two 
by the whitish extremities of the veins, sometimes they are entirely absent. — thysa Hpff. (13 e, 14 a). Marginal thysa. 
spots of both wings well developed above and beneath, submarginal spots free; on the under surface the 
hindwing and the apex of the forewing are bright yolk-yellow; upper surface in the cf white or slightly 
yellowish to the base, in the ? whitish or yellowish and at the base more or less strongly darkened to vein 3. 
Distributed from the estuary of the Congo to South Africa and from there to Somaliland. — - meldolae Btlr. meldolae. 
differs from the type-form in having the black markings much reduced; the marginal spots of the forewing 
are above separated and beneath entirely absent; those of the hindwing are absent on both sides; the sub¬ 
marginal spots are small and punctiform or absent. Loanda. — In balangensis Rhl. & Roy. (15,q)'the underside balangensis. 
of the forewing is white at the apex, but that of the hindwing yellow, the submarginal spots of the forewing 
above free and the marginal spots well developed. German East Africa. — ab. macularis Auriv. (14 a) has maeularis. 
the submarginal spots on the forewing above somewhat larger and slightly joined to the marginal spots, the 
under surface of the hindwing almost white and the marginal spots of the underside completely divided. 
German East Africa. — malaria Stiff, differs from the type-form in the broader marginal band of the forewing malaria. 
above and in having the submarginal spot confluent with it; in the ? the forewing is yellowish white above 
and the hindwing light ochre-yellow. Loango. — ab. alarmi Stiff, is only distinguished by the submarginal alarmi. 
spots of the forewing being absent on both surfaces and those of the hindwing absent above and only indicated 
by dots beneath; is probably scarcely different from meldolae. German East Africa. — ?-ab. obumbrata vbumbrata. 
Weym. is beneath similar to thysa ??, but has above a pure white ground-colour with the dark markings 
more extended; the dark costal margin reaches vein 7 in the apical third, the marginal spots of both wings 
and the submarginal spots of the hindwing are much larger; the light orange-coloured dusting in the basal 
half of the forewing is absent, this part of the wing being occupied instead by a large, violet-brown triangle, 
which is distally angled and extends nearly to the apex of the cell, over 1 / 3 of cellule 2, 3 /* of cellule 1 b 
and the whole of cellule la; the brownish violet colour reaches from the costal margin to the hindmargin 
and at the hinder angle shades off into the dark brown marginal spots; also on vein 2 it reaches the apex 
of the marginal spot, so that in cellule 1 b a spot of the pure white ground-colour of about 3 mm. in size 
is separated off; the hindwing above is pure white in the distal half, only the base of the costal margin is 
reddish yellow and both the cell and lc basally dusted with light brownish violet. Zanzibar. — ?-ab. 
rimala Stiff. (12 e) is an extreme melanotic form and, as may be seen from the figure, with the greater part rimala. 
of the upper surface suffused with black-brown; on the under surface on the contrary both wings are but 
little darker than in the type-form, the forewing being light grey and the hindwing slightly darkened by black 
scales. From the Albert Nyanza. 
P. larima Bdv. is probably nearly allied to thysa, but as I know no form which fits the description, larima. 
I reproduce the original description. ’’Wings white, at the base slightly dusted with blackish scales and at 
the distal margin somewhat tinged with yellowish; both wings with black dots at the extremities of the veins, 
which are somewhat smaller on the hindwing; apex of the forewing black-brown with the marginal dots 
united; forewing between the cell and the distal margin with a row of three thick black dots, of which the 
anterior one adjoins the black apex; the hindwing has also before the marginal spots another row of smaller 
and more indistinct dots; the wings beneath ochre-yellow; the forewing at the base orange-yellow, in the 
middle whitish and with two submarginal spots, which correspond to the posterior two on the upper surface; 
the hindwing with the basal part of the costal margin orange-yellow and a row of submarginal dots of the 
same colour.” Senegal. 
P. rubrosignata Weym. (? = pida Neave). This form, which is unknown to me, is referred by Weymer 
as a variety to theora, but seems to me to be a form of thysa. Both wings without discal spots; costal margin 
of the hindwing beneath from the base to the middle bright vermilion, from there to the distal margin gold- 
yellow; marginal and submarginal spots of the forewing above are united to form a white-spotted marginal 
band as in theora; marginal and submarginal spots of the hindwing above present, but smaller than in theora; 
the forewing beneath at the base with a large orange-yellow spot, at the distal margin with small spots at 
the extremities of the veins and before the distal margin with five quite free submarginal spots in cellules 
4 — 6 and 8; hindwing beneath with small marginal spots divided by the white extremities of the veins, seven 
rather large submarginal spots and gold-yellow spots between the black marginal spots. Angola. 
rubrosig¬ 
nata. 
