PIERIS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
45 
Pigea Group. 
This group can scarcely be sharply separated from the preceding. The marginal spots of the upper surface are 
always free and small or are entirely absent. The submarginal spots of the under surface are as a rule entirely absent in 
the cT and in the ? usually occur only on the hindwing and in cellule 3 (1 b and 5) of the forewing. The 1st subcostal 
vein of the forewing is always quite free and the lower discocellular of the hindwing usually somewhat longer than the 
middle one. The anal claspers of the cf have a shorter point than in the species of the Calypso group. 
P. cebron Ward (14 b, c). cf: both wings with light whitish yellow ground-colour, at the base and at cebron. 
the inner margin of the hindwing sulphur-yellow and without spot at the end of the cell, above entirely without 
submarginal spots, but beneath usually with a rounded, free submarginal spot in cellule 3 of the forewing; 
forewing above with fine black costal-marginal line and narrow marginal band, at the apex only 2 mm. broad, 
which gradually becomes narrower posteriorly and terminates at vein 2. beneath with rounded marginal spots, 
of which only the first 2 are united; hindwing above with rather large, transversely produced marginal spots, 
and beneath with rounded black ones; the underside of the hindwing bright yellow and the base of the costal 
margin yolk-yellow. I regard as the ? of cebron the form figured 14c, which differs from the cf in having 
the forewing orange-yellow with much broader marginal band and distinct marginal spots above also in cellules 
la, lb and 4; the hindwing has on both sides 4—7 distinct submarginal spots. Gameroons. 
P. dixeyi Neave. cf : both wings above white; forewing with thin costal-marginal line and a marginal dixeyi. 
band 4 mm. in breadth at the apex, reaching to vein 3, as well as small marginal spots at veins 1 and 2 
black; hindwing on both surfaces only with 7—8 rounded, or somewhat transverse, black marginal spots; 
beneath the base of both wings and the costal margin of the hindwing are orange-yellow, the forewing has 
7 free black marginal spots and both wings at the distal margin faint yellow streaks between the veins. The 
? is somewhat larger, 34 mm., the base and costal margin of the forewing above are dark-scaled, the costal 
region is broader but less black and interrupted by yellowish streaks on the interneural folds. Uganda. 
P. capricornus has in the cf above a narrow black marginal band, proximally dentate on the veins, 
which reaches vein 3, and a black marginal spot at the end of vein 2; the hindwing on both surfaces only 
with rounded, free, black marginal spots; the forewing beneath only with small punctiform marginal spots; 
in the ? the black markings are much larger, the forewing has on both sides 3 black-grey submarginal spots 
(in 1 b, 3 and 5) and the hindwing 6—7; on the upper surface the cell and the basal part of cellules 1 a and 
lb are more or less suffused with black-grey. — capricornus Ward (14 b, c). cf: both wings above and the capricornus. 
forewing beneath with pure white ground-colour; hindwing beneath cream-yellow, at the base of the costal 
margin usually orange-yellow. ?: the cell and a broad hindmarginal stripe on the upperside of the forewing, 
sharply defined, blackish; hindwing above not or but little suffused with grey at the base. Gameroons. — 
lindneri Dew. (14e cf; ? f'alkensteini 12 e) is somewhat smaller; the cf differs in having the hindwing white Undneri. 
beneath and the ? in having both wings above suffused with grey at least to the submarginal spots. In the 
districts at the estuary of the Congo. — In nusprica Suff. both wings in the cf have above a somewhat yellowish nusprica. 
ground-colour and the hindwing a sulphur-yellow marginal band l—2.5 mm. in breadth. Gameroons. 
P. astarte Btlr. (22 b) is in the male very similar to the preceding species and only differs in that astarte. 
the marginal spots on the underside of the forewing are absent and the costal margin of the forewing is less 
curved, so that the wing is narrower. The ? is quite different, having bright orange-yellow wings, tinged with 
reddish at. the base, and marked almost as in the cf, only differing in the free or almost free marginal spots 
of the forewing above, a submarginal spot in cellule 3 of the forewing and the punctiform submarginal spots 
of the hindwing; the marginal spots of the hindwing beneath are distinct, although small; the ? strongly recalls 
the orange-yellow ? of Mylothris agatliina. Tanganyika and British East Africa. 
P. wagneri Suff. is unknown to me, but probably belongs near astarte ; described from a ? from Mukenge; wagneri. 
ground-colour above and beneath white; forewing with a narrow basal stripe and cellule 11 light ochre-yellow; 
the costal margin very narrowly black; on the extremity of vein 1 is placed a black dot, on 2—8 a black 
spot each, of which the one on 2 is rounded, whilst the others are narrowly produced along the veins, especially 
towards the apex, so that, whilst spot 3 measures about 2 mm., those on 7 and 8 extend nearly to the base 
of cellule 6; the space between them is filled up with light sulphur-yellow; hindwing above at the base very 
narrowly light ochre-yellow with 7 rounded marginal spots; forewing beneath orange-yellow at the base and 
at the costal margin to the middle; the apical band is somewhat narrower than above, light yellow and only 
extending to vein 3, marginal spots free; hindwing at the base of the costal margin orange-yellow; cellules 
1 c and 7, the cell and the distal half of cellules 3—6 are light yolk-yellow. 
P. rubrobasalis differs from the allied forms in that the forewing has beneath a large orange-red or 
orange-yellow basal spot, which almost reaches the apex of the cell. Both wings without spot at the end of 
the cell; forewing in the ? with a large submarginal spot in cellule 3 and usually also with similar, but less 
distinct submarginal spots in lb and 5. — rubrobasalis Lans. Fore wing above greenish white, at the base rubrobasalis 
tinged with rose-red, at the distal margin with small, free, streak-like spots at the extremities of the veins; 
