50 
TERACOLUS. By Dr. C. Aurivillius. 
faustus. 
vi. 
amatus. 
Calais. 
carnifer. 
crowleyi. 
flavus. 
phisadia. 
The summer (rainy-season) forms are nearly always distinguished by the stronger black markings on 
the upper surface and by the white or almost white ground-colour of the underside of the hindwing, which 
is not dusted with dark. The winter (dry-season) forms on the contrary have the black markings on the upper- 
surface feebly developed or entirely suppressed and may be easily recognized especially by having the under¬ 
side of the bindwing and of the apex of the forewing more or less dusted with reddish and black. At the 
end of the seasons transitions between the summer and winter forms often occur. 
It is quite natural that in those districts where the rainfall is very great and the climate consequently 
very humid the summer forms should be more pronounced than where the amount of rain is less. Such forms 
we call extreme summer forms. From districts where there is no dry season at all (e. g. the Cameroons) 
only summer forms are known, which thus occur here as local races. 
The same naturally applies also to the winter forms. In very dry districts they are better developed 
than elsewhere and may sometimes occur almost as the only form. 
In the males of many species there is at the apex of the forewing above a bright blue, violet, red or 
yellow spot, which is called the ornamental spot. This spot is usually bordered with black distally and some¬ 
times also proximally. For the rest the reader is referred to part l, vol. I, p. 56. 
According to their markings the species may be divided into several groups and subgroups. 
Synopsis of the Groups. 
A. The forewing and sometimes also the hindwing above close to the distal margin between the 
extremities of the veins with 4 to 8 light marginal spots, which are either small, streak-like or 
punctiform, or so widened that the dark margin is almost broken up into spots by them. Idmais Bdv. 
* The forewing of the cf in cellule 1 b before the middle of the strongly curved vein 1 with a 
raised vesicular patch of scales, blackish on the under surface; the distal margin ventricose before 
the middle and hence cellule la unusually broad. Faustus Group. 
** The forewing of the cf without bladder-like spot and with the hindmargin straight or almost 
straight. Amatus Group. 
B. The forewing above without a trace of light marginal spots between the extremities of the veins, 
the distal margin usually black between the apex and vein 3 or 2 and sometimes to the hinder 
angle. Evippe Group. 
Faustus Group 
This group only includes a single species, in which the ornamental spot of the forewing is entirely absent. The 
upper surface is reddish yellow or almost salmon-coloured. 
T. faustus Oliv. (vol. I, pi. 23 c) only occurs in Syria and Persia. — vi Swinh. differs from the type- 
form in having the markings yellow beneath and flies at Aden in South Arabia. 
Amatus Group. 
The species of this group are on an average small with broad, obtuse wings. The forewing has usually a transverse 
row of black discal spots, which may be more or less united with the black marginal band. 
T. amatus differs from all the following species in having the discal spot in cellule 3 of the forewing 
placed as near or nearer to the margin than that in cellule 2, which is especially distinct beneath, where the 
spots ace free; the costal margin and a large spot at the end of the cell of the forewing are black; the ground¬ 
colour of both wings above red-yellow to white. -— The type-form amatus F. only occurs in South Asia. — 
Calais Cr. (vol. I, pi. 23d) is distinguished by the large and triangular discal spot in cellule lb of the forewing; 
the wings above in the c? with red-yellow or salmon-coloured, in the $ with red-yellow to white ground¬ 
colour; in the $ the forewing is often red-yellow at the base and white or whitish distally; the under surface 
is light greenish. Congo, Angola, East Africa to Nubia and Bornu, South Arabia, f. carnifer Btlr. has a reddish 
under surface and is the dry-season form of Calais. — crowleyi E. Sharpe (16 a) is very similar to Calais and 
only differs in the narrower black marginal band of the hindwing above and the smaller submarginal spots, 
which are better separated from the marginal band; the $ is above white or light yellowish (= ab flavus ah. 
nov.) (16 a). On Madagascar and the adjacent east coast of Africa. 
T. phisadia is distinguished by a very broad black marginal band on the upperside of both wings; 
this band is unspotted on the hindwing and in cellules 1 a—2 of the forewing and projects basad in cellule 
3 of the forewing, as discal spot 3 is placed much nearer to the base than discal spot 2; the base and the 
costal margin of the forewing are broadly darkened at least in the c? and at the end of the cell is placed a 
large black spot; the under surface of the hindwing is almost without markings. — phisadia Godt. (vol. I, 
fig. 23 d). Ground-colour of the forewing salmon-coloured in both sexes, or sulphur-yellow to white in the ?; 
